Squantz Pond

Squantz Pond
File:Squantz.jpg from space (NASA photo)
Location	Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States
Coordinates
Lake type	periglacial
Basin countries	United States
Surface area	288 acres (117 ha)
Average depth	22.9 ft (7.0 m)
Max. depth	47 ft (14 m)
Water volume	2 billion US gallons (7,600,000 m³)
Surface elevation	429 m
Settlements	New Fairfield and Sherman

Lying in the Fairfield County towns of Sherman and New Fairfield, Squantz Pond is part of Candlewood Lake but is separated from the main body of the lake by Route 39. Squantz Pond is natural in origin; however, its level was raised when Candlewood Lake was impounded in 1923. The lake has a surface area of approximately 288 acres (1.2 km²), a maximum depth of 47 feet (14 m), an average depth of 22.9 feet (7 m), and holds approximately 2 billion US gallons (7,600,000 m³) of water.

The shoreline bottom materials consist mostly of rocks, ledge, and gravel. Mud and organic muck cover the relatively flat areas of the bottom. The lake is fed by Glen Brook from the north, Worden Brook from the west, and several small unnamed streams.

The watershed of Squantz Pond is 3,635 acres (15 km²). Woodlands, wetlands, and water comprise approximately 80 percent of the watershed, 15 percent is moderate to low-density housing, while the remaining 5 percent is open land and farm land.

The eastern shoreline is developed with homes, while the western shoreline is steep and wooded. The southwestern shoreline borders Squantz Pond State Park. Facilities in the park include concession stands, picnic areas, beach and swimming areas, toilets, and hiking trails.

Public access to Squantz Pond is provided through a state owned boat launch located in the State Park. Boats launched from the State Park are limited to a maximum of 7.5 horsepower (6 kW). The launch can be reached by taking Interstate 84, Exit 5 to Route 37 north, to Route 39 north to the State Park entrance.

The launch has a ramp of concrete pads with an asphalt approach. There is parking for 25 cars at the launch.

An aquatic survey of Squantz Pond was published in 1988. The survey found aquatic vegetation in Squantz Pond to be sparse and limited to the shallower areas in the northern section. Species observed included Bushy pondweed (Najas flexilis, Najas minor), Bulrush (Scirpus sp.), and cattail (Typha sp.)

The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection periodically stocks both brown and rainbow trout in Squantz Pond. Other species found in the lake include Largemouth Bass, Yellow Perch, White Perch, Walleye, and Chain Pickerel.

The current Connecticut Angler's Guide has specific fish consumption advisory information, as well as, the most recent rules governing sport fishing.

SOURCE - Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Copyright 1998-2004

Plant species

Trees

Acer pensylvanicum (Striped Maple) lots, Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple), Betula lenta (Sweet Birch), Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch), Betula populifolia (Gray Birch), Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory), Cornus Florida (Flowering Dogwood), Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Juniper), Larix laricina (Tamarack Larch), Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip tree), Picea pungens (Blue Spruce), Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine), Populus grandidentata (Big-toothed Aspen), Prunus serotina (Black Cherry), Quercus alba (White oak), Quercus prinus (Chestnut oak), Quercus rubra (Red oak), Sassafras albidum (Sassafras), Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock)

NOTE: The Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is rapidly destroying the Eastern Hemlock population at the park and surrounding areas.

Shrubs

Chimaphila maculata (Spotted wintergreen), Clethra alnifolia (Sweet pepperbush), Hamamelis virginiana (Witch-hazel), Kalmia latifolia (Mountain laurel), Lindera benzoin (Spicebush), Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry), Rosa multiflora (Multiflora rose) Rubus occidentalis (Black raspberry), Rubus phoenicolasius (Wineberry), Viburnum sp. (Viburnum)

Vines

Celastrus orbiculatus (Asiatic staff vine), Toxicodendron radicans (Poison-ivy), Vitis sp. (Grape)

Herbs

Alliaria petiolata (Garlic mustard), Artemisia vulgaris (Common mugwort), Epifagus virginiana (Beech-drops), Galium sp. (Bedstraw), Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipe), Rumex crispus (Curled Dock), Rumex obtusifolius (Broadleaf Dock), Solidago spp. (Goldenrod), Typha sp. (Cattail), Verbascum thapsus (Common mullein)

Sedges

cf. Carex laxiflora (Sedge), Carex stricta (Tussock sedge), Scirpus sp. (Bulrush)

Grasses

Setaria italica (Foxtail millet)

Ferns

Dryopteris sp. (Woodferns), Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive fern), Polypodium sp. (Rock cap ferns) lots, Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) lots

Others

Liverworts, Najas flexilis, Najas minor

Fish species

Largemouth bass, Smallmouth bass, Yellow perch, White perch, Sunfish, Walleye, Chain pickerel, Brown trout, Rainbow trout, Carp, Catfish, Crayfish

Water quality

The water of Squantz Pond is moderately productive, and of suitable quality for all recreational water uses, including swimming, boating, and fishing. The productivity, or ability to support plant life, is due to the concentrations of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, found in the water. The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection has classified Squantz Pond, as mesotrophic, due to its moderate nutrient concentrations, good clarity, and other water quality characteristics.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a requirement for the respiration of fish and other aquatic organisms. The concentration of DO depends, in part, on water temperature, as cold water can hold more DO than warm water. Because of this, season also affects the distribution of DO in the lake. In the fall, as temperature decreases, the cooled DO-rich surface waters begin to descend toward the bottom because of the difference in density, (water density increases with falling temperatures until it reaches its maximum density at 39 degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees Celsius), below which it decreases). This mixing of the water due to the difference in density, along with mixing by wind, transports DO to the deeper waters of the lake and results in relatively uniform conditions from the surface to the bottom of the lake by winter. This condition can be seen in the winter profile of DO and temperature (Winter Profile), where the DO concentrations are relatively uniform with depth.

In the spring and summer, the surface waters of the lake are warmed by increasing temperatures and the sun. This warmer, less-dense water remains at the surface, and the lake becomes thermally stratified. As a result of this stratification, there is little mixing of the shallow and deep water in the lake. Thus, DO, which enters the water primarily from the atmosphere and from photosynthesis carried out by aquatic plants, is not transported to deeper water. Near the bottom, the consumption of DO by aquatic organisms and chemical reactions exceed the rate of replenishment, resulting in lower DO levels. This condition can be seen in the summer profile of DO and temperature (Summer Profile), where the DO concentrations decrease rapidly below about 18 feet and are less than 1 milligram per liter below 24 feet. During periods when these low DO conditions exist, there is insufficient DO to support most types of game fish in deeper waters of the lake, and they will normally move to upper layers of the lake where higher DO concentrations are found.

The pH of the water indicates whether it is acidic or alkaline. The pH level is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, where 7.0 is considered neutral, less than 7.0 acidic, and greater than 7.0 alkaline. Highly acidic or alkaline water can be detrimental to aquatic organisms. The ideal range for most freshwater game fish is from 6.5 to 9.0, however, most adult game fish can tolerate pH as low as 5.5. The pH of Squantz Pond ranges from 6.8 to 8.9, which is adequate for most gamefish.

Alkalinity, which is a measure of the ability of water to neutralize acid, is relatively high in Squantz Pond. For this reason, the lake is not very susceptible to acidification.