Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

"Her Majesty Queen Victoria and the members of the royal family", illustration from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, v. 44, no. 1137 (14 July 1877)

This is a list of the 42 grandchildren of the British Queen Victoria (1819–1901, queen from 1837, married 1840) and her husband Prince Albert (the Prince Consort, 1819–1861), each of whom was therefore either a sibling or a first cousin to each of the others. It also lists Victoria and Albert's 9 children and 87 great-grandchildren, as well as the spouses of those children and grandchildren who married.

Overview

Victoria and Albert had 20 grandsons and 22 granddaughters, of whom two (the youngest sons of Prince Alfred and Princess Helena) were stillborn, and two more (Prince Alexander John of Wales and Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein) died shortly after birth. Their first grandchild was the future German Emperor Wilhelm II, who was born to their eldest child, Victoria, on 27 January 1859; the youngest was Prince Maurice of Battenberg, born on 3 October 1891 to Princess Beatrice (1857–1944), who was herself the last child born to Victoria and Albert and the last child to die. The last of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren to die (almost exactly 80 years after Queen Victoria herself) was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (25 February 1883 - 3 January 1981).

Just as Victoria and Albert shared one grandfather (Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld) and one grandmother (Countess Augusta Reuss) in common, two pairs of their grandchildren married each other. In 1888, Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine, whose mother was Queen Victoria's daughter Alice, married Prince Henry of Prussia, a son of Victoria's daughter Victoria. Another of Alice's children, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, married Princess Victoria Melita, a daughter of Alice's brother Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1894, but divorced in 1901.

From left to right: Alice, Arthur, the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Leopold (in front of the Prince of Wales), Louise, the Queen with Beatrice, Alfred, the Princess Royal and Helena (1857).

Prince Albert, the Prince Consort (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861), lived long enough to see only one of his children (the Princess Royal) married and two of his grandchildren born (Wilhelm II, 1859–1941, and his sister Princess Charlotte of Prussia, 1860–1919), while Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) lived long enough to see not only all her grandchildren, but many of her 87 great-grandchildren as well. (Two of Victoria's 56 great-grandsons were stillborn, two more died shortly after birth, and one of her 31 great-granddaughters was born out of wedlock.)

Victoria, the Princess Royal and first child of Victoria and Albert (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901), known as "Vicky", was not only mother to their first grandchild, Wilhelm II, she was also the first of Victoria and Albert's children to become a grandparent, with the birth in 1879 of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, who was the daughter of Princess Charlotte (Queen Victoria's first granddaughter). She was also the grandmother of the last of Victoria and Albert's great-granddaughters to die, Lady Katherine Brandram (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Vicky's fourth daughter, Queen Sophia of Greece. After Lady Katherine's death in 2007, the only surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria was Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (31 October 1916 – 5 May 2012), born to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, daughter of Victoria and Albert's third son, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught.

The death of Count Carl Johan Bernadotte marked the end of a generation of royalty that began in 1879 with the birth of Princess Feodora and included the British Kings Edward VIII and George VI, the Norwegian King Olav V, the Romanian King Carol II and the Greek Kings George II, Alexander I and Paul—as well as six uncrowned victims of political assassination, Earl Mountbatten of Burma (last Viceroy of India), Tsarevich Alexei of Russia and Alexei's sisters the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia.

Queen Victoria's own death in January 1901 was preceded by the deaths of three of her own children (Princess Alice in December 1878, Prince Leopold in March 1884, and Prince Alfred in July 1900) and soon followed by the Princess Royal's death in August 1901. Aside from the four boys who died as infants, Queen Victoria had survived seven of her grandchildren:

Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864–1866) died of meningitis.
Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (1870–1873), a haemophiliac, fell from his mother's bedroom window and bled to death a few hours later.
Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878) died of diphtheria.
Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879) also died of diphtheria.
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence (1864–1892) died of influenza.
Prince Alfred of Edinburgh (1874–1899) shot himself with a revolver and died soon afterward.
Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (1867–1900) died of malaria while on active service in South Africa during the Boer War.

Victoria, Albert and their children

Ancestors of Victoria and Albert

Victoria and Albert had one pair of grandparents in common, Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, who were parents both of Albert's father Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and of Victoria's mother (and Ernest I's sister), Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Duke Ernest I → Prince Albert
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Princess Victoria → Queen Victoria

Another of Victoria's (but not Albert's) grandfathers was King George III, father of Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent, and his brothers King George IV and King William IV.

Ancestors of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India

32. George I of Great Britain

16. George II of Great Britain

33. Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Celle

8. Frederick, Prince of Wales

34. Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

17. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach

35. Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach

4. George III of the United Kingdom

36. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

18. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

37. Duchess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels

9. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

38. Karl, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

19. Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst

39. Duchess Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels

2. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn

40. Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

20. Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

41. Duchess Maria Katharina of Brunswick-Dannenberg

10. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow

42. Christian William I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

43. Countess Antoine Sybille of Barby-Muhlingen

5. Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

44. Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

22. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

45. Countess Sophie of Waldeck

11. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

46. George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach

23. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach

47. Countess Amelie Katherine of Waldeck-Eisenberg

1. Victoria of the United Kingdom

48. John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

24. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

49. Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen

12. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

50. Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

25. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

51. Princess Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

6. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

52. Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

26. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

53. Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Eschwege

13. Duchess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

54. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

27. Duchess Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

55. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen

3. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

56. Heinrich X, Count Reuss of Lobenstein

28. Heinrich XIX, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf

57. Countess Erdmuthe Benigna of Solms-Laubach

14. Heinrich XXIV, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf

58. Wolfgang Dietrich, Count of Castell-Castell

29. Countess Sophia Dorothea of Castell-Castell

59. Countess Dorothea Renata of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf

7. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf

60. Georg Albrecht II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau

30. George Augustus, Count of Erbach-Schönberg

61. Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg

15. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg

62. Ludwig Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern

31. Countess Ferdinande Henriette of Stolbert-Gedern

63. Duchess Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

Ancestors of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

32. John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

16. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

33. Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen

8. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

34. Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

17. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

35. Princess Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

4. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

36. Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

18. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

37. Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Eschwege

9. Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

38. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

19. Duchess Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Blankenburg

39. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen

2. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

40. Heinrich X, Count Reuss of Lobenstein

20. Henry XXIX, Count Reuss of Ebersdorf

41. Countess Erdmuthe Benigna of Solms-Laubach

10. Henry XXIV, Count Reuss of Ebersdorf

42. Wolfgang Dietrich, Count of Castell-Castell

21. Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen

43. Countess Dorothea Renata of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf

5. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf

44. Georg Albrecht II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau

22. George Augustus, Count of Erbach-Schönberg

45. Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg

11. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg

46. Ludwig Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern

23. Countess Ferdinanda of Stolberg-Gedern

47. Duchess Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

1. Albert, Prince Consort

48. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

24. Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

49. Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst

12. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

50. Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

25. Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen

51. Princess Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha

6. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

52. Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

26. Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

53. Duchess Elisabeth Eleonore of Brünswick-Wolfenbüttel

13. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen

54. Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

27. Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal

55. Princess Christine of Saxe-Eisenach

3. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

56. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

28. Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

57. Duchess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels

14. Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

58. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

29. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

59. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

7. Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

60. Heinrich XI, Count Reuss of Schleiz

30. Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

61. Johanna Dorothea of Tättenbach-Geilsdorf

15. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

62. Eucharius Kasimir, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg

31. Countess Louise Reuss of Schleiz

63. Countess Juliana Dorothea Luise of Limpurg-Gaildorf

Marriage of Victoria and Albert

Queen Victoria (who had ascended to the throne on 20 June 1837 and been crowned on 28 June 1838) was married to Prince Albert on 10 February 1840 by William Howley, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace in Westminster (London).^[1] (Albert died fourteen-and-a-half years before Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India on 1 May 1876.)

The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children^[2]^[3]
	[Alexandrina] Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, later Empress of India	24 May 1819 Kensington Palace, London	22 January 1901 Osborne House, Isle of Wight	Married 10 February 1840 at St. James' Palace, Westminster (London) 4 sons, 5 daughters (including British King Edward VII and German Empress Victoria); 20 grandsons (of whom 2 were still-born), 22 granddaughters (including British King George V, German Emperor Wilhelm II, Russian Empress Alexandra, and the Queens of Norway, Greece, Romania and Spain.)
	Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (The Prince Consort)	26 August 1819 Rosenau Castle, Coburg (Germany)	14 December 1861 Windsor Castle, Berkshire

Children of Victoria and Albert

Queen Victoria, at times, had contentious relations with her children. She had trouble relating to her children when they were young, some of this possibly owing to her own isolated childhood.^[4] She also, occasionally, resented that they interfered with time that she would prefer to spend with Albert.^[5] Both Victoria and Albert weren't above playing favourites with their children, and unfortunately did little to hide their favouritism.^[5] Both Vicky and Alfred were the favorites of Albert, and Arthur enjoyed the favouritism of both his parents.^[5] Victoria initially was jealous of the time that Albert had been spent with Vicky, but in her widowhood Victoria made Vicky something of her confidante,^[6] and for her part, Vicky had accrued hundreds of letters from her mother, to the point that shortly before her death, she had them smuggled out of Germany by her brother's secretary, Sir Frederick Ponsonby.^[7] Of her sons, Victoria had the most trouble with her eldest, the Prince of Wales, and her youngest, Leopold.^[6] Amongst her daughters, Victoria clashed often with Louise.^[6] She also had an awkward relationship with her second eldest daughter, Alice, who the queen, despite praising her thoughtfulness, also criticized her as being too melancholy and self-absorbed.^[6] In her widowhood, Victoria expected Beatrice, who was only four when her father died, to remain at home with her, and only permitted to marry on the condition that she and her husband remain in England.^[8]

Portrait of Queen Victoria's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
(from left to right:) Princes Alfred and Albert Edward; The Queen and the Prince Consort; Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria

Name	Birth	Death	Spouse (dates of birth & death) and children^[2]^[9]
The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal	184021 November 1840	19015 August 1901	Married 1858 (January 25), Prussian Crown Prince Frederick (1831–1888), later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes)
The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII	18419 November 1841	19106 May 1910	Married 1863 (March 10), Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925); 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway)
The Princess Alice	184325 April 1843	187814 December 1878	Married 1862 (July 1), Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of All the Russias)
The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	18446 August 1844	190031 July 1900	Married 1874 (January 23), Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920); 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania)
The Princess Helena	184625 May 1846	19239 June 1923	Married 1866 (July 5), Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917); 4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters
The Princess Louise	184818 March 1848	19393 December 1939	Married 1871 (March 21), John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (1845–1914), Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll and Governor-General of Canada (1878–1883); no issue
The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)	18501 May 1850	194216 January 1942	Married 1879 (March 13), Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917); 1 son, 2 daughters (including Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden)
The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany	18537 April 1853	188428 March 1884	Married 1882 (April 27), Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922); 1 son, 1 daughter
The Princess Beatrice	185714 April 1857	1944 26 October 1944	Married 1885 (July 23), Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896); 3 sons, 1 daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)

Children and grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

Victoria, the Princess Royal

The eldest child of Victoria and Albert, Princess Victoria (the Princess Royal), called "Vicky" was born on 21 November 1840 and died on 5 August 1901, seven months after her mother's death in January. On 25 January 1858 she married Prince Frederick of Prussia (1831–1888; Crown Prince from 1861, German Emperor March–June 1888). They had eight children and twenty-three grandchildren.

Not only was the Princess Royal the first child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, she also gave them their first grandchild (the future Emperor Wilhelm II, 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) and was grandmother to both the first of their 87 great-grandchildren to be born, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), daughter of Princess Charlotte, and to the last of their 29 great-granddaughters to die, Lady Katherine Brandram (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Princess Sophie.

Both the German Emperor Wilhelm II and the British King-Emperor George V (son of the Princess Royal's younger brother Edward VII) were grandchildren of Queen Victoria, as was Alexandra, daughter of Princess Alice and wife of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II.

Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → German Emperor William II
Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → King George V
Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Empress Alexandra

	Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[2]
The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia
	Princess Victoria, the Princess Royal	21 November 1840 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	5 August 1901 Friedrichshof, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany)	Married 25 January 1858 in St James' Palace, Westminster (London). 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia, Queen of the Greeks); 18 grandsons, 5 granddaughters (including Kings George II, Alexander I and Paul I of Greece and Queen Helen of Romania) ¶ Crown Prince Frederick succeeded his father Emperor Wilhelm I on 9 March 1888, but died in June.
	Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia	18 October 1831 Potsdam, Prussia	15 June 1888 Potsdam, Prussia

Ancestors of Frederick III, King of Prussia and German Emperor

32. Frederick William I of Prussia

16. Prince Augustus William of Prussia

33. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover

8. Frederick William II of Prussia

34. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

17. Duchess Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

35. Duchess Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg

4. Frederick William III of Prussia

36. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

18. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

37. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Münzenberg

9. Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

38. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

19. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

39. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

2. William I, German Emperor

40. Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

20. Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow

41. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

10. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

42. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

21. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

43. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach

5. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

44. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (=36)

22. Georg Wilhelm of Hesse-Darmstadt

45. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Münzenberg (=37)

11. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt

46. Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim

23. Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

47. Countess Katharina Polyxena of Solms-Rödelheim

1. Frederick III, German Emperor

48. Ernest August I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar

24. Ernest August II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar

49. Margravine Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

12. Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

50. Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

25. Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

51. Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia

6. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

52. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (=36)

26. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (=18)

53. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Münzenberg (=37)

13. Luise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt

54. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (=38)

27. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (=19)

55. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (=39)

3. Augusta of Saxe-Weimar

56. Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

28. Peter III of Russia

57. Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

14. Paul I of Russia

58. Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

29. Catherine II of Russia

59. Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp

7. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)

60. Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg

30. Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Wurttemberg

61. Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis

15. Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Wurttemberg)

62. Friedrich Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt

31. Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt

63. Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia

Children of the Princess Royal and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia

The portrait below shows the Princess Royal with her husband Frederick and with Victoria and Albert's first two grandchildren, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859–1941) and Princess Charlotte (1860–1919), who were the only grandchildren born during Albert's lifetime.

Portrait of Crown Princess Victoria's family in 1862 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia and their daughter and son.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia	27 January 1859 Berlin, Prussia	3 June 1941 Doorn, Netherlands	Reigned from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918 (abdicated)
			Married (1) 1881, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1858–1921) with issue (6 sons, 1 daughter): Crown Prince William (1882–1951), Prince Eitel Friedrich (1883–1942), Prince Adalbert (1884–1948), Prince August Wilhelm (1887–1949), Prince Oskar (1888–1958), Prince Joachim (1890–1920) and Princess Victoria Louise (1892–1980)
			Married (2) 1922 Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz (1887–1947), no issue.
Princess Charlotte of Prussia	24 July 1860 Potsdam, Prussia	19 October 1919 Baden-Baden, German Republic	Married 1878 Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, (1851–1928), later Duke Bernhard III (1914–1918), with issue (1 daughter): Princess Feodora (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), — Queen Victoria's first great-grandchild. Modern medical tests revealed that both Charlotte and her daughter suffered from porphyria, which afflicted their ancestor George III.^[10]
Prince Henry of Prussia	14 August 1862 Potsdam, Prussia	20 April 1929 Hemmelmark, German Republic	Married 1888 Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (1866–1953), daughter of his aunt Princess Alice (see below) and had issue (3 sons): Prince Waldemar (1889–1945), Prince Sigismund (1896–1978) and Prince Heinrich (1900–1904).
Prince Sigismund of Prussia	15 September 1864 Potsdam, Prussia	18 June 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from meningitis.
Princess Viktoria of Prussia	12 April 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	13 November 1929 Bonn, German Republic	Married (1) 1890 Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (1859–1917), no issue
Princess Viktoria of Prussia	12 April 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	13 November 1929 Bonn, German Republic	Married (2) 1927 Alexander Zoubkoff, no issue.
Prince Waldemar of Prussia	10 February 1868 Berlin, Prussia	27 March 1879 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from diphtheria.
Princess Sophie of Prussia, later Queen of the Hellenes [Greeks]	14 June 1870 Berlin, Prussia	13 January 1932 Frankfurt- am-Main, German Republic	Married 1889 King Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923) and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters): Crown Prince George (1890–1947), later King George II, Prince Alexander (1893–1920), later King Alexander I and father of Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, later Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia Princess Helen (1896–1982), later Queen of Romania and mother of King Michael of Romania, Prince Paul (1901–1964), later King Paul I and father of King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Sofía of Spain Princess Irene (1904–1974), and Princess Katherine (Lady Katherine Brandram) (1913–2007).
Princess Margaret of Prussia	22 April 1872 Potsdam, Prussia	22 January 1954 Kronberg, West Germany	Married 1893 Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (1868–1940), later elected King of Finland (October–December 1918), and had issue (6 sons): Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1916), Prince Maximilian (1894–1914), Prince Philipp (1896–1980) and Prince Wolfgang (1896–1989) (twins), Prince Christoph (1901–1943) and Prince Richard (1901–1969) (twins).

Edward VII

Prince Albert Edward (1841–1910), then the Prince of Wales, married Princess Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, on 10 March 1863. They had 3 sons (one of whom died within a day), 3 daughters, 7 grandsons (one stillborn) and 3 granddaughters. The Prince of Wales became King Edward VII and Emperor of India at the death of his mother Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901.

Edward's and Alexandra's son King George V (reigned 1910–1936) was the father of Kings Edward VIII (reigned 1936) and George VI (1936–1952), and the grandfather of the present Queen Elizabeth II (acceded to the throne February 1952) and her sister Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (1930–2002). As the only children of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (the Queen Mother, 1900–2002), Elizabeth and Margaret were thus great-granddaughters of Edward VII, great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria, and great-great-great-great-granddaughters of Victoria's grandfather, King George III.

George III → Edward, Duke of Kent → Queen Victoria → Edward VII → George V → George VI → Elizabeth II

Edward's and Alexandra's daughter Princess Maud of Wales became Queen of Norway when her husband, Prince Carl of Denmark, became King Haakon VII (1905–1957) upon the dissolution of Norway's union with Sweden in 1905. Their son, and Edward's grandson, became King Olav V (1957–1991); and Olav's children, King Harald V (since 1991), Princess Ragnhild and Princess Astrid, are thus great-grandchildren of Edward VII and great-great-grandchildren of Victoria and Albert.

Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → Princess Maud of Wales → King Olav V → King Harald V

The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII and Emperor of India	9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	Married 10 March 1863 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway); 7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters (including British Kings Edward VIII & George VI, and Norwegian King Olav V) ¶ Edward acceded to the throne when his mother Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901. He and Princess Alexandra were crowned King and Queen on 2 August 1902 in Westminster Abbey (London) by Frederick Temple, the Archbishop of Canterbury
	Princess Alexandra of Denmark later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and Empress of India	1 December 1844 Yellow Palace, near Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark	20 November 1925 Sandringham House, Norfolk, England

Ancestors of Queen Alexandra (Princess Alexandra of Denmark)

32. Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

16. Karl Anton August, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

33. Landgravine Sophie of Hesse-Philippsthal

8. Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

34. Albrecht Christoph, Burgrave of Dohna-Schlodien in Leistenau

17. Countess Charlotte of Dohna-Schlodien

35. Princess Sophie Henriette of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

4. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

36. Georg Adam III, Count of Schlieben

18. Karl Leopold, Count of Schlieben

37. Katharina Dorothea, Countess Finck of Finckenstein-Schönberg

9. Countess Friederike of Schlieben

38. Ahasverus Ernst, Count of Lehndorff

19. Countess Maria Eleonore of Lehndorff

39. Baroness Maria Luise of Wallenrodt

2. Christian IX of Denmark

40. William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (= 48)

20. Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel

41. Princess Dorothea Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz (= 49)

10. Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Cassel

42. George II of Great Britain (= 46, 50)

21. Princess Mary of Great Britain

43. Caroline of Ansbach (= 47, 51)

5. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Cassel

44. Christian VI of Denmark (= 56)

22. Frederick V of Denmark

45. Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (= 57)

11. Princess Louise of Denmark and Norway

46. George II of Great Britain (= 42, 50)

23. Louise of Great Britain

47. Caroline of Ansbach (= 43, 51)

1. Alexandra of Denmark

48. William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (= 40)

24. Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel (= 20)

49. Princess Dorothea Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz (= 41)

12. Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel

50. George II of Great Britain (= 42, 46)

25. Princess Mary of Great Britain (= 21)

51. Caroline of Ansbach (= 43, 47)

6. Landgrave William of Hesse-Cassel

52. Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen

26. Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen

53. Princess Christiane Wilhelmine of Saxe-Eisenach

13. Princess Caroline Polyxene of Nassau-Usingen

54. Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim

27. Countess Caroline Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg

55. Countess Katharina Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim

3. Louise of Hesse-Cassel

56. Christian VI of Denmark (= 44)

28. Frederick V of Denmark (= 22)

57. Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (= 45)

14. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway

58. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

29. Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

59. Duchess Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

7. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark

60. Christian Ludwig II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

30. Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

61. Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

15. Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

62. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

31. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

63. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Children of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence	8 January 1864 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	14 January 1892 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Created Duke of Clarence and Avondale in 1890; died of influenza just after his 28th birthday. Engaged in 1891 to his cousin Princess Mary of Teck.
Prince George, Prince of Wales, later King George V	3 June 1865 Marlborough House, London	20 January 1936 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Reigned from 6 May 1910 to 20 January 1936; married his cousin 1893 (July 6) Princess Mary of Teck, (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953), later Queen Mary, and had issue (5 sons, 1 daughter): Edward, Prince of Wales (23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) — later King Edward VIII (20 January – 11 December 1936), — later Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor (8 March 1937), Prince Albert, Duke of York (14 Dec. 1895 – 6 Feb. 1952) — later King George VI (11 Dec. 1936) and father of Queen Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926, acceded 6 Feb. 1952, crowned 2 June 1953), Mary, Princess Royal (25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965), — later Countess of Harewood Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974), Field Marshal, Marshal of the RAF, & Governor-General of Australia Prince George, Duke of Kent (20 Dec. 1902 – 25 August 1942, killed on active duty) and Prince John (12 July 1905 – 19 January 1919).
Princess Louise, The Princess Royal	20 February 1867 Marlborough House, London	4 January 1931 Portman Square, London	Married 1889 Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849–1912) and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters): Alastair Duff, Earl of Macduff (stillborn, 1890), Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959) and Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk (1893–1945).
Princess Victoria	6 July 1868 Marlborough House, London	3 December 1935 Coppins, Buckinghamshire	Died unmarried.
Princess Maud of Wales later Queen of Norway	26 November 1869 Marlborough House, London	20 November 1938 London	Married 1896 Prince Carl of Denmark (1872–1957), — later King Haakon VII of Norway (1905–1957) and had issue (1 son): Prince Alexander (1903–1991), — later Crown Prince and King Olav V of Norway (1957–1991).
Prince Alexander John of Wales	6 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	7 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Born prematurely at 2:45 p.m., and died twenty-four hours later. He was christened privately by Reverend W. Lake Onslow in the evening after his birth. The christening was attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, a lady-in-waiting and a doctor who had been at the birth.^[11]

Princess Alice

Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (1843–1878) married Prince Ludwig of Hesse (1837–1892), later Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, on 1 July 1862. They had 2 sons (one of which, "Frittie", Prince Friedrich of Hesse, was a haemophiliac and died from bleeding out after a fall out of his mother's bedroom window), 5 daughters (one of whom died of diphtheria) and 15 grandchildren (two of whom died at a young age). Prince Ludwig succeeded to the Grand Duchy of Hesse as Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, and Princess Alice as the Grand Duchess of Hesse, on 13 July 1877.

Alice and Louis's daughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, married Prince Louis of Battenberg, and was the mother of Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885–1969), who became Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark when she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark on 6 October 1903. Princess Alice was the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh the current prince consort of the United Kingdom as the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Princess Victoria was also the mother of Queen Louise of Sweden.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Victoria of Hesse → Princess Alice of Greece and Denmark → Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Alice and Louis's second daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, married, in 1884, the Russian Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, the fifth son of Tsar Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, and younger brother of the then reigning Tsar Alexander III. They had no children. Following Sergei's assassination in 1905, she eventually became a nun and was killed by the Bolsheviks on July 18, 1918. She was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia in 1981 and in 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate.

Prince Ernest Louis became Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse upon his father's death in 1892. He married his first cousin, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1894 and had one daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse who died of typhoid fever, aged eight. The couple were divorced 21 December 1901. The Grand Duke married for a second time to Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1947), and had two sons: Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse who married Princess Cecilie of Greece, a sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and had issue, and Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine.

Princess Alix of Hesse, the youngest surviving child of the Grand Ducal pair, became the Last Empress of All the Russias through her marriage to Nicholas II of Russia in 1894. They had 5 children, 4 girls, the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, and one boy, the Tsarevich Alexei, who was a haemophiliac. The Russian Imperial Family was executed on 17 July 1918 by a detachment of Bolsheviks in the basement of Ipatiev House. The entire family was canonized by the Russian Orthodox church in 2000.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Alix, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia

The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Alice of the United Kingdom	25 April 1843 Buckingham Palace, London, England	14 December 1878 New Palace, Darmstadt, Hesse (Germany)	Married privately on 1 July 1862 (six months after the death of Alice's father Prince Albert), in the dining room of Osborne House, East Cowes (Isle of Wight), England 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of Russia); 9 grandsons (1 stillborn), 7 granddaughters (including Queen Louise of Sweden and Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India) ¶ Prince Louis became Grand Duke of Hesse on 13 June 1877, less than two years before Princess Alice's death.
	Prince Louis of Hesse, later Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine	12 September 1837 Darmstadt, Hesse	13 March 1892

Ancestors of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

32. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

16. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

33. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg

8. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse

34. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

17. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

35. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

4. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse

36. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #32)

18. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

37. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg (= #33)

9. Landgravine Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

38. Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim

19. Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

39. Countess Catharine Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim

2. Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine

40. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach

20. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden

41. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz

10. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

42. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #32)

21. Landgravine Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

43. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg (= #33)

5. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden

44. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #32)

22. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #16)

45. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg (= #33)

11. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

46. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (= #34)

23. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= #17)

47. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (= #35)

1. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

48. Frederick William I of Prussia

24. Prince Augustus William of Prussia

49. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover

12. Frederick William II of Prussia

50. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

25. Duchess Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

51. Duchess Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg

6. Prince William of Prussia

52. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #32)

26. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #16)

53. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg (= #33)

13. Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

54. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (= #34)

27. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= #17)

55. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (= #35)

3. Princess Elizabeth of Prussia

56. Landgrave Casimir William of Hesse-Homburg

28. Frederick IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

57. Countess Christine Charlotte of Solms-Braunfels

14. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

58. Frederick William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels

29. Countess Ulrike Louise of Solms-Braunfels

59. Countess Sophia of Solms-Utphe-Laubach

7. Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg

60. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #32)

30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= #16)

61. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg (= #33)

15. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

62. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (= #34)

31. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= #17)

63. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (= #35)

Children of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse

Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876
The Grand Ducal Family of Hesse and by Rhine in 1876

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine	5 April 1863 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	24 September 1950 Kensington Palace, London, England	Married 1884 Prince Louis of Battenberg (1854–1921), Admiral of the Fleet, First Sea Lord [later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, after renouncing German style and titles in July 1917], and had issue (2 sons, 2 daughters): Princess Alice (1885–1969), later Princess Andrew of Greece & Denmark, and mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Louise (1889–1965), later Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden and stepmother of Queen Ingrid of Denmark Prince George (1892–1938), later George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven and Prince Louis (1900–1979), later Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India & First Sea Lord
	Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine	1 November 1864 Bessungen, Hesse, Germany	18 July 1918 Alapaevsk, Russia	Married 1885 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (1857–1905), no issue.
	Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine	11 July 1866 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	11 November 1953 Hemmelmark, Germany	Married 1888 Prince Henry (1862–1929), son of her aunt Victoria, the British Princess Royal & German Empress (see above), and had issue (3 sons): Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1889–1945), Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1896–1978) and Prince Heinrich of Prussia.
	Ernst Ludwig, later Grand Duke of Hesse	25 November 1868 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	9 October 1937 Langen, Germany	Succeeded as head of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1892.
				Married (1) 1894 Princess Victoria Melita (1876–1936), daughter of his uncle Prince Alfred of Edinburgh (see below), and had issue (1 son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) and an unnamed stillborn son (1901); ¶ the marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
				Married (2) 1905 Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1937) and had issue (2 sons): Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus (1906–1937) and Prince Ludwig (1908–1968).
80px	Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine	7 October 1870 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	29 May 1873 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Suffered from haemophilia and died from a brain haemorrhage after falling from a window.
80px	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, later Empress Alexandra of All the Russias	6 June 1872 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	17 July 1918 Ekaterinburg, Russia	Married 1894 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868–1918), taking the name Alexandra Feodorovna, and had issue (1 son, 4 daughters): Grand Duchess Olga (1895–1918), Grand Duchess Tatiana (1897–1918), Grand Duchess Maria (1899–1918), Grand Duchess Anastasia (1901–1918), Tsarevich Alexei (1904–1918). ¶ The entire family was killed in July 1918 in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution, as was Alexandra's sister, the Grand Duchess Elisabeth (Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, see above).
	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine	24 May 1874 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	16 November 1878 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Died young from diphtheria.

Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh

Prince Alfred (1844–1900) married the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920), the only surviving daughter of Tsar Alexander II and his first wife, Empress Marie Alexandrovna, on 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, Russia. They had 2 sons (one stillborn), 4 daughters, 10 grandsons (8 of whom survived their first week of life) and 9 granddaughters. In June 1893, Prince Alfred achieved the Royal Navy rank of Admiral of the Fleet, shortly before succeeding his uncle, Ernest II, as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in August 1893.

Prince Alfred's daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Marie of Edinburgh became Queen of Romania in 1914 after marrying the future King Ferdinand in 1893.

King Ferdinand's and Queen Marie's son King Carol II of Romania (Victoria's great-grandson) was father to King Michael of Romania (a great-great-grandson of Victoria);
their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Elisabeth was married from 1922 to 1935 to King George II of Greece (reigned 1923–1924 & 1935–1947); and
their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Maria was married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (reigned 1921–1934) and the mother of King Peter II (reigned 1934–1945, another great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria)

Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → King Carol II → King Michael
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → Queen Elisabeth of the Hellenes
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Queen Marie of Romania → Queen Marie of Yugoslavia → King Peter II

The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Alfred, later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	6 August 1844 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	31 July 1900 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	Married 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia; 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania) 10 grandsons (of whom 1 stillborn), 9 granddaughters (including King Carol II of Romania, Queen Elisabeth of Greece and Queen Marie of Yugoslavia) ¶ Prince Alfred was made Duke of Edinburgh on 24 May 1866, and succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 22 August 1893, living there until his death in 1900.
	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, daughter of Tsar Alexander II	17 October 1853 Tsarskoye Selo, Russia	24 October 1920 Zürich, Switzerland

Ancestors of Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

32. Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

16. Peter III of Russia

33. Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia

8. Paul I of Russia

34. Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

17. Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst
Catherine II of Russia

35. Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp

4. Nicholas I of Russia

36. Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg

18. Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg

37. Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis

9. Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemburg

38. Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt

19. Margravine Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt

39. Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia

2. Alexander II of Russia

40. Prince Augustus William of Prussia

20. Frederick William II of Prussia

41. Duchess Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

10. Frederick William III of Prussia

42. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

21. Landgravine Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

43. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

5. Princess Charlotte of Prussia

44. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow

22. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

45. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

11. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

46. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

23. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt

47. Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

1. Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

48. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

24. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

49. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

12. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

50. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

25. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

51. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

6. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

52. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

26. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

53. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

13. Landgravine Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

54. Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim

27. Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

55. Countess Catharine Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim

3. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine

56. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden

28. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden

57. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz

14. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

58. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

29. Landgravine Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

59. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

7. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden

60. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 24)

61. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

15. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

62. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

31. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= 25)

63. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

Children of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Marie

Photograph of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau
The Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha with their four daughters and the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Prince Alfred, later Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	15 October 1874 Buckingham Palace, London	6 February 1899 Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium, Gratsch, Merano (Meran), Austria	Rumoured, but never proven to have married in 1898 Mabel Fitzgerald (with no issue). ¶ Alfred suffered from nervous depression and possibly syphilis. He attempted suicide by shooting himself with a revolver, and was sent to recover at Schloss (Castle) Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, before being moved, while still badly wounded, to the Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium in Gratsch near Merano (Meran) in the South Tyrol (Austria, now Italy), where he died.
Princess Marie of Edinburgh, later Queen of Romania	29 October 1875 Eastwell Park, Kent	18 July 1938 Sinaia, Romania	Married 1893 Ferdinand of Romania (1865–1927), — later King Ferdinand (1914–1927), and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters): Crown Prince Carol (1893–1953), later King Carol II (1930–40), father of King Michael, Princess Elisabeta (1894–1956), later Queen of Greece, Princess Marie (1900–1961), later Queen of Yugoslavia and mother of King Peter II of Yugoslavia, Prince Nicholas (1903–1978), Princess Ileana (1909–1991), and Prince Mircea (1913–1916).
Princess Victoria Melita later Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia	25 November 1876 San Antonio Palace, Malta	2 March 1936 Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany	Married 1894 (1) her paternal first cousin, Ernest Louis (1862–1937), Grand Duke of Hesse (1892–1918), the son of her aunt Princess Alice (see above), and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) and an unnamed stillborn son (1901). ¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
	25 November 1876 San Antonio Palace, Malta	2 March 1936 Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany	Married (2) 1905, her maternal first cousin, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia (1876–1938) and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters): Princess Maria Kirillovna (1907–1951), Princess Kira Kirillovna (1909–1967) and Prince Vladimir Kirillovich (1917–1992).
Princess Alexandra	1 September 1878 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	16 April 1942 Schwäbisch Hall, Germany	Married 1896 Prince Ernest II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863–1950) and had issue (2 sons, 3 daughters): Hereditary Prince Gottfried (1897–1960), Princess Marie-Melita (1899–1967), Princess Alexandra Beatrice (1901–1963), Princess Irma (1902–1986), and Prince Alfred (16–18 April 1911) ¶ The senior Princess Alexandra joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) in 1937.
Stillborn son	13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	Died at birth.
Princess Beatrice	20 April 1884 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	13 July 1966 Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain	Married 1909 Prince Alfonso de Orléans y Borbón, Duke of Galliera (1886–1975), Spanish Air Force chief of staff, and had issue (3 sons): Prince Álvaro de Orléans (1910–1997), later Duke of Galliera, Prince Alonso de Orléans (1912–1936) and Prince Araulfo de Orléans (1913–1974).

Princess Helena

Princess Helena (1846–1923) married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917) in Windsor Castle's private chapel on 5 July 1866. Two sons and two daughters survived childhood; two other sons died within ten days of their birth. Princess Helena and Prince Christian had no legitimate grandchildren and one natural granddaughter who died without having issue of her own. Like other British royal holders of German titles (such as Admiral Louis Battenberg), Princess Helena, Prince Christian, and their two daughters gave up their titles to Schleswig-Holstein in 1917 when the British and German Empires were at war.

The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Helena	25 May 1846 Buckingham Palace, London, England	9 June 1923 Schomberg House, London, England	Married 5 July 1866 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire. 4 sons (of whom 2 survived their first month), 2 daughters (including Duke Albert, Princess Helena Victoria, and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein); 1 natural granddaughter (Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Arenberg) ¶ Princess Helena and Prince Christian have no surviving descendants today; Valerie Marie died childless.
	Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	22 January 1831 Augustenborg, Denmark	28 October 1917 Schomberg House, London, England

Ancestors of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

32. Prince Frederick William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

16. Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

33. Countess Sofie Amalie of Ahlefeld

8. Frederick Christian I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

34. Christian Gyldenlove, Count of Danneskiöld-Samsöe

17. Countess Frederikke Louise of Danneskiöld-Samsöe

35. Countess Charlotte Amalie of Danneskjöld-Laurvig

4. Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

36. Prince Christian Charles of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg

18. Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön

37. Countess Dorothea Christina of Aichelberg

9. Princess Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön

38. Christian Detlev, Count of Reventlow

19. Countess Christiane Irmgard of Reventlow

39. Benedicte Margrethe Brockdorff

2. Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

40. Christian VI of Denmark

20. Frederick V of Denmark

41. Margravine Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

10. Christian VII of Denmark

42. George II of Great Britain (= 44)

21. Princess Louise of Great Britain

43. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (= 45)

5. Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark

44. George II of Great Britain (= 42)

22. Frederick, Prince of Wales

45. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (= 43)

11. Princess Caroline Matilda of Great Britain

46. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

23. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

47. Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst

1. Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

48. Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Danneskiöld-Samsöe

24. Christian, Count of Danneskiöld-Samsöe

49. Dorothea Krag

12. Frederick Christian, Count of Danneskiold-Samsøe

50. Count Niels Friis til Friisenborg

25. Countess Conradine Christine Friis-Friisenborg

51. Countess Christiane Sophie Reventlow

6. Christian Conrad, Count of Danneskiold-Samsøe

52. Christian Casimir von Kleist

26. Christian Adam von Kleist

53. Anna von Fürste

13. Friedericke Louisa von Kleist

54. Frederik Rosenkrantz

27. Sophie Rosenkrantz

55. Frederikke Krag

3. Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe

56. Jørgen Grubbe Kaas

28. Ulrik Kaas

57. Birgitte Sofie Maltesdatter Sehested

14. Frederick Christian Kaas

58. Soffren Mathissen

29. Mette Marie Mathissen

59. Maren Nielsdatter Banner

7. Johanne Henriette Valentine Kaas

60. Rudbek Kaas

30. Otto Ditlev Kaas til Nedergard

61. Sophie Charlotte Brockdorff

15. Edele Sophie Kaas

62. Valentin von Eickstedt

31. Sophie Dorothea von Eickstädt

63. Edele Cathrine Kaas

Children of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

Photograph of Princess Helena with her two eldest children by Alexander Bassano
Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein with her two eldest children

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein	14 August 1867 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	29 October 1900 Pretoria, South Africa	Christian Victor died of malaria while serving as a British officer on active duty in the Boer War.
Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	28 February 1869 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	13 March 1931 Berlin, Germany	Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921. Never married, but had a twice-married and childless natural daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein (née Schwalb) (1900–1953),
Princess Helena Victoria, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	3 May 1870 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	13 March 1948 Berkeley Square, London, England	Died unmarried.
Princess Marie Louise, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	12 August 1872 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	8 December 1956 Berkeley Square, London, England	Married 1891 to Prince Aribert of Anhalt (1866–1933); no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900.
Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein^[12]	12 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	20 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	Died in infancy.
Stillborn son	7 May 1877	7 May 1877	Died at birth.

Princess Louise

Princess Louise (1848–1939), who married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914) in 1871, was the only one of Victoria's nine children who was childless. She was the first British monarch's child since 1515 to marry a subject rather than someone of royal blood.

The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	The Princess Louise	18 March 1848 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	3 December 1939 Kensington Palace, London	Married 21 March 1871, in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (Berkshire) no issue ¶ The Marquess of Lorne was a member of the British House of Commons from 1868 to 1878 and from 1895 to 1900. From 1878 to 1883 he served as Governor General of Canada, representing his mother-in-law, Queen Victoria. In 1900, he succeeded as 9th Duke of Argyll (and thus joined the House of Lords).
	John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, M.P., Marquess of Lorne, later Governor General of Canada, later 9th Duke of Argyll	6 August 1845 London	2 May 1914 Cowes, Isle of Wight

Ancestors of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne and 9th Duke of Argyll

16. John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll

8. John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll

17. Mary Kerr

4. John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll

18. John Gunning

9. Elizabeth Gunning, 1st Baroness Hamilton of Hameldon

19. Bridget Bourke

2. George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll

10. John Glassel

5. Joan Glassel

22. John Buchan

11. Helen Buchan

1. John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll

24. Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford

12. George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland

25. Louisa Egerton

6. George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland

26. William Sutherland, 18th Earl of Sutherland

13. Elizabeth Sutherland, 19th Countess of Sutherland

27. Mary Maxwell

3. Elizabeth Leveson-Gower

28. Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle

14. George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle

29. Margaret Granville Leveson-Gower

7. Harriet Howard

30. William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire

15. Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish

31. Georgiana Spencer

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught

Prince Arthur (1850–1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917) on 13 March 1879 at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. They had 2 daughters and 1 son.

In March 1911, the Duke of Connaught's nephew, King George V (son of the Duke's recently deceased brother King Edward VII) appointed his uncle to represent him as Governor General of Canada. He thus became the first, and so far only, Governor General of Canada to be of the Blood Royal, although he had been preceded in this office from 1878 to 1883 by the Marquess of Lorne, the non-royal husband of his sister Princess Louise (see above). [King George's son, the Duke of Gloucester, was later Governor-General of Australia, and the Duke of Connaught's own son was later Governor-General of South Africa. See above and below.]

Prince Arthur's elder daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Margaret of Connaught became Crown Princess of Sweden in 1907 after marrying the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1905 (however, Margaret died before Gustav became king).

Princess Margaret and Prince Gustav Adolf's grandson (and a great-great-grandson of Victoria) King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden is the current monarch of Sweden having reigned from 1973. He is the youngest and only son of Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten.
Their only daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Ingrid of Sweden married King Frederick IX of Denmark (reigned 1947–1972) and was the mother of the present Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and the former Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
Their youngest son, Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (1916-2012), was the last great-grandchild of Victoria and Albert to die

Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten → King Carl XVI Gustav
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Princess Ingrid → Danish Queen Margrethe II & Greek Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret → Count Carl Johan Bernadotte

The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada	1 May 1850 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	16 January 1942 Bagshot Park, Surrey	Married 13 March 1879 in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire) 1 son, 2 daughters 6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter (including Queen Ingrid of Denmark and Count Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die) ¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada (representing his nephew King George V) from 1911 to 1916.
	Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	25 July 1860 Potsdam, Germany	14 March 1917 Clarence House, Westminster (London)

Ancestors of Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

32. Prince Augustus William of Prussia

16. Frederick William II of Prussia

33. Duchess Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

8. Frederick William III of Prussia

34. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

17. Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

35. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

4. Prince Charles of Prussia

36. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow

18. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

37. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

9. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

38. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

19. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt

39. Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

2. Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia

40. Ernst August II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar

20. Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

41. Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

10. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

42. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

21. Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

43. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

5. Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

44. Peter III of Russia

22. Paul I of Russia

45. Catherine II of Russia

11. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia

46. Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg

23. Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg

47. Margravine Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt

1. Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

48. Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

24. Leopold III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

49. Princess Gisela Agnes of Anhalt-Köthen

12. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

50. Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt

25. Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt

51. Princess Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau

6. Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt

52. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

26. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

53. Countess Ulrike Louise of Solms-Braunfels

13. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg

54. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

27. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt

55. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

3. Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau

56. Prince Augustus William of Prussia

28. Frederick William II of Prussia

57. Duchess Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

14. Prince Louis Charles of Prussia

58. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

29. Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt

59. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

7. Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia

60. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow

30. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

61. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

15. Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

62. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

31. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt

63. Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg

Children of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

Photograph of The Duke of Connaught's family.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Princess Margaret of Connaught	15 January 1882 Bagshot Park, Surrey	1 May 1920 Stockholm, Sweden	Married 1905 Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden (1882–1973) — later King Gustav VI (1950–1973) and had issue (4 sons, 1 daughter): Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (1906–1947) — father of King Carl XVI Gustav, Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland (1907–2002), — later Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg Princess Ingrid (1910–2000), later Queen of Denmark, mother of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, and mother of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland (1912–1997), and Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna (1916–2012), — later Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg and, after 2007, the last surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria. Princess Margaret died suddenly on her father's 70th birthday of meningitis while 8 months pregnant with her sixth child before her husband ascended the throne as king of Sweden.
Prince Arthur of Connaught, Governor-General of the Union of South Africa (1920–24)	13 January 1883 Windsor Castle, Berkshire	21 September 1938 London, England	Married 1913 Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife (1891–1959), granddaughter of Edward VII (her husband's uncle) and thus Arthur's first cousin once removed, having issue (1 son): Prince Alastair (1914–1943), later 2nd Duke of Connaught. ¶ Prince Arthur became the third Governor General of South Africa in November 1920, and was succeeded in January 1924 by Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, husband of his cousin, Princess Alice of Albany (see below).
Princess Patricia of Connaught, later Lady Patricia Ramsay	17 March 1886 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	12 January 1974 Windlesham, Surrey	Married 1919 the Honourable Alexander Ramsay (1881–1972) and had issue (1 son): Alexander Ramsay of Mar (1919–2000). ¶ Princess Patricia relinquished her title of Princess and style of Her Royal Highness upon her marriage and was known as Lady Patricia Ramsay. (However, she kept her place in line of succession.)

Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany

Prince Leopold (1853–1884) married Princess Helene of Waldeck-Pyrmont (1861–1922) on 27 April 1882 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. They had 1 daughter and 1 son. He inherited the disease of haemophilia from his mother, Queen Victoria, and spent most of his life as a semi-invalid.

His daughter, Princess Alice of Albany married Prince Alexander of Teck, the younger brother of Queen Mary, in 1904 and became Countess of Athlone when her husband was created Earl of Athlone in June 1917. She has so far been the longest-lived Princess of the Blood Royal of Britain and was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria.

Prince Charles Edward, Prince Leopold's posthumous son, succeeded him at birth as 2nd Duke of Albany. In 1900, Charles Edward succeeded his uncle Alfred as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha but was forced to abdicate his ducal throne during the German Revolution of 1918, later gaining high positions in and through the Nazi movement. Because of his support for Germany in World War I, he lost his English knighthood in the Order of the Garter in 1915 and his British royal titles, peerages and honours in 1919. He is the grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden through his elder daughter, Princess Sibylla.

Queen Victoria → Prince Leopold → Prince Charles Edward → Princess Sibylla → King Carl XVI Gustav

The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany	7 April 1853 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	28 March 1884 Cannes, France	Married 27 April 1882 in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire) 1 son, 1 daughter 5 grandsons, 3 granddaughters
	Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	17 February 1861 Arolsen, Waldeck (now Hesse, Germany)	1 September 1922 Hinteriss, Tyrol, Austria

Ancestors of Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont

32. Friedrich Anton Ulrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

16. Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

33. Countess Palatine Louise of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

8. George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

34. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

17. Christiane Henriette, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken

35. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

4. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

36. August I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

18. August II, Duke of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

37. Princess Charlotte Sophie of Anhalt-Bernburg

9. Princess Auguste of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

38. Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg

19. Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg

39. Margravine Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt

2. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

40. Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

20. Karl Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

41. Countess Charlotte Louise of Ysenburg and Büdingen

10. Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

42. Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Solms-Braunfels

21. Princess Eleonore of Solms-Braunfels

43. Countess Sophia of Solms-Utphe-Laubach

5. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

44. Charles August, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (=#48)

22. Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg

45. Princess Augusta of Nassau-Idstein (=#49)

11. Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg

46. William IV, Prince of Orange (=#50)

23. Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau

47. Anne, Princess Royal (=#51)

1. Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont

48. Charles August, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (=#44)

24. Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (= 22)

49. Princess Augusta of Nassau-Idstein (=#45)

12. Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg

50. William IV, Prince of Orange (=#46)

25. Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau (= 23)

51. Anne, Princess Royal (=#47)

6. William, Duke of Nassau

52. Burgrave William Louis of Kirchberg, Count of Sayn-Hachenburg

26. Burgrave William George of Kirchberg, Count of Hachenburg

53. Countess Louise of Salm-Dhaun

13. Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg

54. Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz

27. Princess Isabelle Auguste Reuss of Greiz

55. Countess Conradine Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz

3. Princess Helena of Nassau-Weilburg

56. Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg

28. Frederick I of Württemberg

57. Margravine Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt

14. Prince Paul of Württemberg

58. Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick

29. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

59. Princess Augusta of Great Britain

7. Princess Pauline of Württemberg

60. Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

30. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

61. Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar

15. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen

62. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

31. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

63. Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt

Children of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
80px	Princess Alice of Albany later Countess of Athlone	25 February 1883 Windsor Castle, Berkshire	3 January 1981 Kensington Palace, London	Married 1904 Prince Alexander of Teck (1874–1957), later Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, Governor-General of South Africa and Canada and had issue (2 sons, 1 daughter): Princess May (1906–1994), Prince Rupert (1907–1928) and Prince Maurice (March–September 1910)
	Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	19 July 1884 Claremont House, Surrey	6 March 1954 Coburg, Germany	¶ Last Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1900-1918. Deprived of Duchy of Albany, 1919. Joined 1935 the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) and SA (Sturmabteilung). Member of the German Reichstag, 1937–1945. Married 1905 Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (1885–1970) and had issue (3 sons, 2 daughters): Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold (1906–1972), Princess Sibylla (1908–1972), later a Swedish princess and mother of King Carl XVI Gustav (acceded 1973) Prince Hubertus (1909–1943), Princess Caroline Mathilde (1912–1983), and Prince Friedrich Josias (1918–1998).

Princess Beatrice

Princess Beatrice (1857–1944) married Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896) on 23 July 1885 in Whippingham on the Isle of Wight. They had 3 sons, 1 daughter (the future Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain), 5 grandsons (1 stillborn) and 3 granddaughters. The present King Felipe VI of Spain, as a great-grandson of Victoria Eugenie, is a great-great-grandson of Princess Beatrice and thus a great-great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria.

Queen Victoria → Princess Beatrice → Queen Victoria Eugenia → Don Juan, Count of Barcelona → King Juan Carlos I of Spain → King Felipe VI

Due to anti-German feeling during the First World War, the members of the Battenberg family who were British citizens relinquished their titles of Prince and Princess of Battenberg and the styles of Highness and Serene Highness. Under Royal Warrant, they instead took the surname Mountbatten, an Anglicised form of Battenberg.

The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Beatrice	14 April 1857 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	26 October 1944 Brantridge Park, Sussex	Married 23 July 1885, at St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham (near Osborne House) on the Isle of Wight 3 sons, 1 daughter (Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain) 5 grandsons (one of them stillborn), 3 granddaughters (including Don Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish heir-apparent from 1933 to 1969)
	Prince Henry of Battenberg	5 October 1858 Milan, Italy	20 January 1896 HMS Blonde, near Sierra Leone (West Africa)

Ancestors of Prince Henry of Battenberg

32. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 36, 42, 44)

16. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 22)

33. Countess Charlotte Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg (= 37, 43, 45)

8. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

34. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (= 46)

17. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= 23)

35. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (= 47)

4. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

36. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 32, 42, 44)

18. Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt

37. Countess Charlotte Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg (= 33, 43, 45)

9. Landgravine Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

38. Count Christian Karl of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim

19. Princess Maria Luise of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg

39. Countess Catharine Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim

2. Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine

40. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach

20. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden

41. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz

10. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

42. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 32, 36, 44)

21. Landgravine Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

43. Countess Charlotte Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg (= 33, 37, 45)

5. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden

44. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 32, 36, 42)

22. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 16)

45. Countess Charlotte Hanau-Lichtenberg, Heiress of Lichtenberg (= 33, 37, 43)

11. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

46. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (= 34)

23. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (= 17)

47. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (= 35)

1. Prince Henry of Battenberg

48. Johann Gaspar Hauck

24. Ignatius Hauke

49. Johanna Barbara

12. Count Friedrich Carl Emanuel Hauke

50. Baron George Riedesel XX zu Eisenbach

25. Baroness Maria Franziska Riedesel of Eisenbach

51. Margarethe Kilian

6. Count John Maurice Hauke

52. Johann Schweppenhauser

26. Heinrich Wilhelm Schweppenhäuser

53. Maria Magdalena Boell

13. Maria Salomé Schweppenhäuser

54. Johann Heinrich Westermann

27. Charlotte Philippine Juliane Westermann

55. Sophia Elisabeth Eleonore Bode

3. Countess Julia Hauke

56. Johan de la Fontaine

28. Benno Leopold Ignatius Lafontaine

57. Maria Rosalia Bonelli

14. Franz Anton Leopold de la Fontaine

58. Franz Joseph Leonhardt

29. Maria Katharina Franziska Leonhardt

59. Marie Mayer

7. Sophie de la Fontaine

60. Albert Maximilian Kornély

30. Markus Kornély

61. Elisabeth Johanna Lange

15. Maria Theresia Kornély

62. Anton Hugo Schneider

31. Louise Schneider

63. Ida Agnes Braun

Children of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg

Photograph of Princess Beatrice with her children in 1900.
Princess Beatrice with children in 1900

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[3]
Prince Alexander of Battenberg, later Sir Alexander Mountbatten, first Marquess of Carisbrooke	23 November 1886 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	23 February 1960 Kensington Palace, London	In 1917, Prince Alexander became Sir Alexander Mountbatten. On 7 November 1917, he was created Marquess of Carisbrooke, Earl of Berkhampsted and Viscount Launceston. Married 1917 Lady Irene Denison (1890–1956) and had issue (1 daughter): Lady Iris Mountbatten (1920–1982).
Princess Victoria Eugènie of Battenberg, later Queen of Spain	24 October 1887 Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire Scotland	15 April 1969 Lausanne, Switzerland	Married in 1906 King Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886–1931) and had issue (5 sons, 2 daughters): Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938), Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia (1908–1975), Infanta Beatriz (1909–2002), Prince Fernando (stillborn 1910), Infanta Maria Cristina (1911–1996), Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (1913–1993) — heir-apparent and father of King Juan Carlos I, and Infante Gonzalo (1914–1934) — a haemophiliac who died from bleeding after a car crash
Prince Leopold of Battenberg, later Lord Leopold Mountbatten	21 May 1889 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	23 April 1922 Kensington Palace, London	As with his elder brother, he relinquished his title of Prince of Battenberg and the style His Highness and became Sir Leopold Mountbatten, by virtue of his being a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. Under a further Royal Warrant in September 1917 he was granted the style and precedence of the younger son of a Marquess, and became Lord Leopold Mountbatten. He suffered from haemophilia; died unmarried and without issue after a knee operation.
Prince Maurice of Battenberg	3 October 1891 Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland	27 October 1914 Ypres, Belgium	Killed in action during World War I. He was the last grandchild of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

References

↑ Elizabeth Longford, The Oxford Book of Royal Anecdotes, 1989 (ISBN 0-19-214153-8), pages 368-369
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Whitaker's Almanack, 1900, Facsimile Reprint 1999 (ISBN 0-11-702247-0), page 86
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Whitaker's Almanack, 1999, Standard Edition, The Stationery Office, London, 1998, (ISBN 0-11-702240-3), pages 127–129
↑ King, Greg Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria in Her Diamond Jubilee Year (John Wiley & Sons, 2007) pg. 46
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 King, pg. 46
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 King, pg. 47
↑ Pakula, Hannah An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick: Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm (Simon & Schuster, 1995), pgs. 593 & 594
↑ King, pg. 61
↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1993, Concise Edition, (ISBN 0-85021-232-4), pages 134–136
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants, 1987, Genealogical Publishing Company, p. 205

Sources and external links

Paul Theroff's An Online Gotha
Eilers, Marlene A., Queen Victoria's Descendants, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co.
Descendants of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, 1840-1945, "European Royalty during World War II" (retrieved 3 January 2010)
Croft, Christina Queen Victoria's Granddaughters 1860-1918, October 2013, ISBN 1492905542 fr:Descendance de la reine Victoria du Royaume-Uni

[1] Elizabeth Longford, The Oxford Book of Royal Anecdotes, 1989 (ISBN 0-19-214153-8), pages 368-369

[1900_Whitaker.27s-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Whitaker's Almanack, 1900, Facsimile Reprint 1999 (ISBN 0-11-702247-0), page 86

[1999_Whitaker.27s-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Whitaker's Almanack, 1999, Standard Edition, The Stationery Office, London, 1998, (ISBN 0-11-702240-3), pages 127–129

[4] King, Greg Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria in Her Diamond Jubilee Year (John Wiley & Sons, 2007) pg. 46

[King.2C_pg._46-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 King, pg. 46

[King.2C_pg._47-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 King, pg. 47

[7] Pakula, Hannah An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick: Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm (Simon & Schuster, 1995), pgs. 593 & 594

[8] King, pg. 61

[9] Whitaker's Almanack, 1993, Concise Edition, (ISBN 0-85021-232-4), pages 134–136

[10] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[11] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[12] Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants, 1987, Genealogical Publishing Company, p. 205

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