Ovarian follicle atresia
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Ovarian follicle atresia is the periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Typically around 20 follicles mature each month and only a single follicle is ovulated. The rest undergo atresia. That single dominant follicle becomes a corpus luteum following ovulation.[1][2][3][4]
Atresia is a hormonally controlled apoptotic process[5] that depends dominantly on granulosa cell apoptosis.
To date, at least five cell-death ligand-receptor systems have been reported in granulosa cells to play a role in atresia regulation.[6][7][3] They are:
- tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and receptors
- Fas ligand and receptors[2]
- TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also called APO-2) and receptors
- APO-3 ligand and receptors
- PFG-5 ligand and receptors
In addition, two intracellular inhibitor proteins, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein short form (cFLIPS) and long form (cFLIPL), which were strongly expressed in granulosa cells, may act as anti-apoptotic factors.
It has been proposed that enhanced levels of Nitrogen oxide in rats can prevent atresia of the ovarian follicle, and depressed levels have the opposite effect.[8]
See also
References
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