New Jersey's 16th legislative district

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New Jersey's 16th Legislative District
File:New Jersey Legislative Districts Map (2023) D16 hl.svg
Senator Andrew Zwicker (D)
Assembly members Roy Freiman (D)
Mitchelle Drulis (D)
Registration
Demographics
Population 233,626
Voting-age population 183,325
Registered voters 180,724

New Jersey's 16th legislative district is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature. The district includes the Hunterdon County municipalities of Clinton Town, Clinton Township, Flemington Borough, High Bridge, Lebanon, Raritan Township, and Readington Township; the Mercer County municipality of Princeton; the Middlesex County municipality of South Brunswick Township; and the Somerset County municipalities of Branchburg Township, Hillsborough Township, Millstone Borough, Montgomery Township, Somerville Borough and Rocky Hill Borough.[1][2][3]

Demographic characteristics

As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 233,626, of whom 183,325 (78.5%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 137,853 (59.0%) White, 11,606 (5.0%) African American, 660 (0.3%) Native American, 55,381 (23.7%) Asian, 78 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 10,118 (4.3%) from some other race, and 17,930 (7.7%) from two or more races.[4][5] Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25,020 (10.7%) of the population.[6]

The district had 180,724 registered voters as of December 1, 2021, of whom 68,632 (38.0%) were registered as unaffiliated, 65,999 (36.5%) were registered as Democrats, 44,514 (24.6%) were registered as Republicans, and 1,579 (0.9%) were registered to other parties.[7]

Home ownership was high as was the percentage of college graduates. District residents were comparatively wealthy, with high incomes and property values that have resulted in low municipal and other property taxes. The district has low numbers of African-Americans, the elderly and poor children. Prior to the 2011 apportionment, registered Republicans outnumbered Democrats by a 2 to 1 margin.[8] Throughout most of the district's history, Republicans held a strong grip in winning elections with the district electing only Republican legislators for over 40 years, one of two in the state (the 40th district is the other).[9] However, the 2011 round of redistricting made the district significantly more Democratic. It gained the Democratic strongholds of Princeton and South Brunswick and lost Bridgewater, Mendham Borough and the Somerset Hills, all of which leaned Republican. The district elected its first Democrat, Andrew Zwicker, in 2015.[10]

Political representation

For the 2014-2015 Session, the 16th District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Christopher Bateman (R, Somerville) and in the General Assembly by Jack Ciattarelli (R, Hillsborough Township) and Donna Simon (R, Readington Township). [11][12]

The legislative district overlaps with New Jersey's 7th and 12th congressional districts.

Apportionment history

When the 40-district legislative map was created in 1973, the 16th district consisted of all of Somerset County (except Franklin Township and Manville and included Readington in Hunterdon County, and Morris County's Chester Borough and Township and Mendham Borough.[13] Long-time Senator Raymond Bateman (who had previously served from the 8th district and the Somerset County district) ran for Governor of New Jersey in 1977, losing to Brendan Byrne, with John H. Ewing taking Bateman's seat in the Senate and Elliott F. Smith taking Ewing's former seat in the Assembly.[14]

Following the 1981 redistricting, the district largely remained the same with Rocky Hill and Millstone boroughs being shifted to the 14th district, Readington trading with East Amwell Township to be Hunterdon's lone municipality in the district, and the removal of the Chesters to add Mendham Township in the Morris County portion.[15] Again, most of Somerset County remained a part of the 16th for the 1991 redistricting, but Franklin Township and its neighboring Somerset County boroughs were added to the district while Bound Brook, Warren Township, Green Brook, Wharton, and North Plainfield were shifted elsewhere; the only municipality outside of Somerset included in the district this decade was Mendham Borough.[16] John Ewing chose not to run for re-election in 1997 after 30 years in the legislature. He was replaced in the Senate by Walter J. Kavanaugh, with Peter J. Biondi elected to Kavanaugh's former seat in the Assembly. Ewing remarked that "Dear Walter [Kavanaugh] has been waiting and waiting to take my place... he keeps threatening to push me in front of a bus".[17]

Changes to the district made as part of the New Jersey Legislative redistricting in 2001, based on the results of the 2000 United States census, added Bound Brook (from the 17th legislative district) and removed Franklin Township (to the 17th legislative district).[16][18] Kip Bateman moved up to the Senate to fill the seat vacated by the retirement of Walter Kavanaugh in the 2007 elections. Peter Biondi won re-election and was joined in the Assembly by Denise Coyle, a member of the Somerset County Board of Chosen Freeholders.[19]

Prior to the 2011 decennial reapportionment, as part of the 2001 apportionment, the district consisted of the Somerset County municipalities of Bedminster Township, Bernards Township, Bernardsville Borough, Bound Brook Borough, Branchburg Township, Bridgewater Township, Far Hills Borough, Hillsborough Township, Manville Borough, Millstone Borough, Montgomery Township, Peapack-Gladstone Borough, Raritan Borough, Rocky Hill Borough, Somerville Borough, and South Bound Brook Borough and the Morris County municipality of Mendham Borough.[20]

In 2011, Coyle declined to run for re-election as her Bernards Township home was moved out of the district[21] and the seat was won by Jack Ciattarelli, a member of the Somerset County Board of Chosen Freeholders. After Peter Biondi died two days after winning re-election, Ciattarelli was appointed to complete Biondi's unexpired term ending January 10, 2012. Biondi's seat was then vacant again until Readington Township committeewoman Donna Simon was sworn in on January 30, 2012 [22] as an interim appointee pending a November 2012 special election where she defeated Marie Corfield by just under 1,000 votes out of 91,000 ballots cast.[23] [1] Simon & Ciattarelli were both re-election but Simon was defeated in 2015 in a close race by Democrat Andrew Zwicker in 2015. Initial counts showed Simon ahead of Zwicker on the night of the election (Ciattarelli was far enough ahead in first place to be ensured victory) but following the counting of provisional ballots, Simon conceded November 16.[24]

Election history

[25]

Session Senate General Assembly
1974–1975 Raymond Bateman (R) Victor A. Rizzolo (R) John H. Ewing (R)
1976–1977 Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John H. Ewing (R)
1978–1979 John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Elliott F. Smith (R)
1980–1981 Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Elliott F. Smith (R)
1982–1983 John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Elliott F. Smith (R)
1984–1985 John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John S. Penn (R)
1986–1987 Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John S. Penn (R)
1988–1989 John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John S. Penn (R)
1990–1991[26] Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John S. Penn (R)
1992–1993 John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) John S. Penn (R)
1994–1995[27] John H. Ewing (R) Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
1996–1997 Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
1998–1999[28] Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Peter J. Biondi (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
2000–2001[29] Peter J. Biondi (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
2002–2003[30] Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Peter J. Biondi (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
2004–2005[31] Walter J. Kavanaugh (R) Peter J. Biondi (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
2006–2007 Peter J. Biondi (R) Christopher Bateman (R)
2008–2009 Christopher Bateman (R) Peter J. Biondi (R) Denise Coyle (R)
2010–2011 Peter J. Biondi (R)[n 1] Denise Coyle (R)
Jack Ciattarelli (R)[n 2]
2012–2013 Christopher Bateman (R) Jack Ciattarelli (R) Donna Simon (R)[n 3]
2014–2015[32] Christopher Bateman (R) Jack Ciattarelli (R) Donna Simon (R)
2016–2017 Jack Ciattarelli (R) Andrew Zwicker (D)
2018–2019 Christopher Bateman (R) Roy Freiman (D) Andrew Zwicker (D)
2020–2021 Roy Freiman (D) Andrew Zwicker (D)
2022–2023 Andrew Zwicker (D) Roy Freiman (D) Sadaf Jaffer (D)
2024–2025 Andrew Zwicker (D) Roy Freiman (D) Mitchelle Drulis (D)
  1. ↑ Died November 10, 2011
  2. ↑ Appointed to the Assembly on December 5, 2011 to complete the unexpired term of Biondi
  3. ↑ Appointed to the Assembly on January 30, 2012 to fill the seat of Biondi, elected in November 2012 special election to complete the term

Election results

Senate

2021 New Jersey general election[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Andrew Zwicker 41,837 53.3 Increase 3.7
Republican Michael Pappas 36,632 46.7 Decrease 3.7
Total votes 78,469 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2017[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher "Kip" Bateman 32,229 50.4 Decrease 9.9
Democratic Laurie Poppe 31,655 49.6 Increase 9.9
Total votes 63,884 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2013[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher "Kip" Bateman 34,865 60.3 Increase 5.7
Democratic Christian R. Mastondrea 22,990 39.7 Decrease 5.7
Total votes 57,855 100.0
2011 New Jersey general election[36]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Christopher "Kip" Bateman 21,040 54.6
Democratic Maureen Vella 17,460 45.4
Total votes 38,500 100.0
2007 New Jersey general election[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher "Kip" Bateman 27,846 61.6 Decrease 38.4
Democratic Wayne G. Fox 17,378 38.4 N/A
Total votes 45,224 100.0
2003 New Jersey general election[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 28,843 100.0 Increase 33.4
Total votes 28,843 100.0
2001 New Jersey general election[39]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 39,073 66.6
Democratic Daniel Wartenberg 19,589 33.4
Total votes 58,662 100.0
1997 New Jersey general election[40][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 44,171 63.8 Increase 2.2
Democratic Mitchell E. Ignatoff 22,545 32.6 Decrease 5.8
Conservative Richard C. Martin 2,541 3.7 N/A
Total votes 69,257 100.0
1993 New Jersey general election[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John Jack Ewing 43,060 61.6 Decrease 6.8
Democratic Marybeth Kohut 26,841 38.4 Increase 6.8
Total votes 69,901 100.0
1991 New Jersey general election[43]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John H. Ewing 33,059 68.4
Democratic Bonnie C. Sovinee 15,255 31.6
Total votes 48,314 100.0
1987 New Jersey general election[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John H. Ewing 28,433 70.7 Increase 3.3
Democratic Frank M. Reskin 11,764 29.3 Decrease 3.3
Total votes 40,197 100.0
1983 New Jersey general election[45]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John H. Ewing 27,383 67.4 Increase 1.9
Democratic Alfred A. Wicklund 13,242 32.6 Decrease 1.9
Total votes 40,625 100.0
1981 New Jersey general election[46]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John H. Ewing 38,026 65.5
Democratic John F. Guerrera 20,068 34.5
Total votes 58,094 100.0
1977 New Jersey general election[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican John H. Ewing 38,772 65.2 Increase 1.2
Democratic Kenneth L. Hetrick 20,654 34.8 Decrease 1.2
Total votes 59,426 100.0
1973 New Jersey general election[48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Raymond H. Bateman 34,153 64.0
Democratic Herbert Koransky 19,230 36.0
Total votes 53,383 100.0

General Assembly

2021 New Jersey general election[49]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Roy Freiman 40,992 26.7 Decrease 0.2
Democratic Sadaf F. Jaffer 39,512 25.7 Decrease 2.4
Republican Vincent T. Panico 36,924 24.0 Increase 1.4
Republican Joseph A. Lukac III 36,251 23.6 Increase 1.2
Total votes 153,679 100.0
2019 New Jersey general election[50]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Andrew Zwicker 27,732 28.1 Increase 0.9
Democratic Roy Freiman 26,466 26.9 Increase 0.9
Republican Mark Caliguire 22,276 22.6 Decrease 0.5
Republican Christine Madrid 22,068 22.4 Decrease 1.2
Total votes 98,542 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2017[51]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Andrew Zwicker 34,233 27.2 Increase 2.2
Democratic Roy Freiman 32,714 26.0 Increase 1.4
Republican Donna M. Simon 29,674 23.6 Decrease 1.3
Republican Mark Caliguire 29,041 23.1 Decrease 2.3
Total votes 125,662 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2015[52]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Jack M. Ciattarelli 16,577 25.4 Decrease 2.9
Democratic Andrew Zwicker 16,308 25.03 Increase 2.9
Republican Donna M. Simon 16,230 24.91 Decrease 2.9
Democratic Maureen Vella 16,043 24.6 Increase 3.8
Total votes 65,158 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2013[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Jack M. Ciattarelli 32,125 28.3 Increase 2.2
Republican Donna M. Simon 31,543 27.8 Increase 0.9
Democratic Marie Corfield 25,112 22.1 Decrease 1.4
Democratic Ida Ochoteco 23,682 20.8 Decrease 2.7
Libertarian Patrick McKnight 1,202 1.1 N/A
Total votes 113,664 100.0
Special election, November 6, 2012[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Donna M. Simon 46,211 50.5
Democratic Marie Corfield 45,235 49.5
Total votes 91,446 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2011[54]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Peter J. Biondi 20,359 26.9
Republican Jack M. Ciattarelli 19,770 26.1
Democratic Joe Camarota 17,795 23.5
Democratic Marie Corfield 17,779 23.5
Total votes 75,703 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2009[55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Peter J. Biondi 45,199 33.9 Increase 4.8
Republican Denise M. Coyle 44,612 33.4 Increase 4.1
Democratic Roberta Karpinecz 22,172 16.6 Decrease 4.7
Democratic Mark Petraske 21,394 16.0 Decrease 4.3
Total votes 133,377 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2007[56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Denise Coyle 26,027 29.3 Decrease 2.9
Republican Pete Biondi 25,876 29.1 Decrease 2.7
Democratic Michael Fedun 18,898 21.3 Increase 3.2
Democratic William Kole 18,042 20.3 Increase 2.4
Total votes 88,843 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2005[57]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 40,097 32.2 Decrease 6.3
Republican Pete Biondi 39,710 31.8 Decrease 7.2
Democratic Michael Goldberg 22,569 18.1 Increase 0.3
Democratic Charles Eader 22,336 17.9 N/A
Total votes 124,712 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2003[58]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Pete Biondi 26,211 39.0 Increase 6.4
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 25,849 38.5 Increase 4.7
Democratic Robert Mack 11,938 17.8 Increase 0.5
Green Jane Hunter 3,219 4.8 N/A
Total votes 67,217 100.0
New Jersey general election, 2001[59]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 39,136 33.8
Republican Peter J. Biondi 37,788 32.6
Democratic John P. Rooney 20,051 17.3
Democratic James K. Foohey 18,948 16.3
Total votes 115,923 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1999[60]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 24,646 31.2 Decrease 0.6
Republican Peter J. Biondi 23,789 30.2 Increase 0.2
Democratic Mike Alper 15,393 19.5 Increase 2.0
Democratic Donald Rudy 15,060 19.1 Increase 2.3
Total votes 78,888 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1997[61][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 43,458 31.8 Increase 3.1
Republican Peter J. Biondi 41,008 30.0 Increase 1.4
Democratic Amedeo D’Adamo, Jr. 23,920 17.5 Decrease 1.3
Democratic Harold Weber 22,921 16.8 Decrease 0.6
Conservative Robert Kowal 2,758 2.0 Decrease 1.4
Conservative Howard Manella 2,432 1.8 Decrease 1.3
Total votes 136,497 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1995[62][63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 22,406 28.7 Decrease 3.3
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 22,359 28.6 Decrease 2.7
Democratic Joseph Tricarico, Jr 14,683 18.8 Steady 0.0
Democratic Mitchell E. Ignatoff, Jr 13,553 17.4 Increase 0.6
Conservative Robert Kowal 2,635 3.4 N/A
Conservative Harry Boeselager 2,449 3.1 N/A
Total votes 78,085 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1993[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Christopher “Kip” Bateman 44,646 32.0 Decrease 1.7
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 43,703 31.3 Decrease 4.2
Democratic Karen Carroll 26,268 18.8 Increase 3.1
Democratic Amedeo F. D’Adamo, Jr. 23,438 16.8 Increase 1.7
Initiative and Referendum James N. Carides 1,510 1.1 N/A
Total votes 139,565 100.0
1991 New Jersey general election[43]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 33,849 35.5
Republican John S. Penn 32,108 33.7
Democratic James C. Walker 14,940 15.7
Democratic Julia Pepe Cino 14,365 15.1
Total votes 95,262 100.0
1989 New Jersey general election[64]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 39,268 32.5 Decrease 3.3
Republican John S. Penn 37,092 30.7 Decrease 2.8
Democratic Nicholas F. Cappuccino 22,651 18.7 Increase 3.2
Democratic Alfred A. Wicklund 21,799 18.0 Increase 2.8
Total votes 120,810 100.0
1987 New Jersey general election[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 28,325 35.8 Decrease 3.1
Republican John S. Penn 26,528 33.5 Decrease 3.0
Democratic Adele Montgomery 12,249 15.5 Increase 3.2
Democratic Alfred A. Wicklund 12,032 15.2 Increase 3.2
Total votes 79,134 100.0
1985 New Jersey general election[65]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 37,577 38.9 Increase 4.5
Republican John S. Penn 35,258 36.5 Increase 5.5
Democratic William R. Norris II 11,884 12.3 Decrease 4.8
Democratic Frank M. Reskin 11,596 12.0 Decrease 4.3
Libertarian Stephen Friedlander 363 0.4 Decrease 0.8
Total votes 96,678 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1983[45]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 27,307 34.4 Decrease 0.3
Republican John (Jack) Penn 24,627 31.0 Decrease 2.1
Democratic William R. “Bill” Norris 13,546 17.1 Decrease 0.3
Democratic Raymond J. Fennimore 12,964 16.3 Increase 1.6
Libertarian Stephen M. Friedlander 923 1.2 N/A
Total votes 79,367 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1981[46]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 39,519 34.7
Republican Elliott F. Smith 37,660 33.1
Democratic Thomas H. Dilts 19,834 17.4
Democratic Kanak Dutta 16,718 14.7
Total votes 113,731 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1979[66]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 26,893 33.2 Increase 1.2
Republican Elliott F. Smith 23,996 29.6 Increase 3.3
Democratic Robert J. Bukowczyk 14,353 17.7 Decrease 6.2
Democratic Harry Dreier 13,993 17.3 Decrease 0.5
Kemp-Roth-Bill Jasper C. Gould 1,736 2.1 N/A
Total votes 80,971 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1977[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 38,516 32.0 Increase 2.1
Republican Elliott F. Smith 31,668 26.3 Decrease 3.5
Democratic Timothy L. Carden 28,692 23.9 Increase 3.4
Democratic Peter G. Dowling 21,391 17.8 Decrease 2.0
Total votes 120,267 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1975[67]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Walter J. Kavanaugh 30,498 29.9 Increase 2.3
Republican John H. Ewing 30,337 29.8 Increase 3.5
Democratic Edward J. Brady 20,866 20.5 Decrease 4.8
Democratic Peter G. Dowling 20,219 19.8 Decrease 0.9
Total votes 101,920 100.0
New Jersey general election, 1973[48]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Victor A. Rizzolo 29,298 27.6
Republican John H. Ewing 27,864 26.3
Democratic Michael Imbriani 26,851 25.3
Democratic Bertha Gillick 21,967 20.7
Total votes 105,980 100.0

References

  1. ↑ Districts by Number, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 30, 2014.
  2. ↑ Municipalities (sorted by 2011 legislative district) Archived 2019-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed January 30, 2014
  3. ↑ https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2011-legislative-districts/215th-legislative-map.pdf
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  7. ↑ Statewide Voter Registration Summary, New Jersey Department of State, December 1, 2021. Accessed December 30, 2021.
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  11. ↑ Legislative Roster 2014-2015 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 30, 2014.
  12. ↑ District 16 Legislators, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 30, 2014.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Waggoner, Walter H. "G.O.P. Faces Aggressive Challenge In Central Jersey Assembly Race", The New York Times, October 14, 1977. Accessed June 26, 2010.
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  17. ↑ Staff. "LEGISLATIVE FACES CHANGE, BUT PARTY CONTROL REMAINS THE SAME", The Press of Atlantic City, January 12, 1998. Accessed June 26, 2010.
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  19. ↑ Murphy, Dan. "16th Dist: Bateman moves up to Senate", The Star-Ledger, November 6, 2007. Accessed June 26, 2010.
  20. ↑ Districts by Number, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed June 26, 2010.
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  26. ↑ Staff. "Vote Totals for the Elections Held on Tuesday in New York and New Jersey", The New York Times, November 9, 1989. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  27. ↑ Sullivan, Joseph F. "THE 1993 ELECTIONS: New Jersey Legislature; Cut Taxes 30 Percent? Whitman's Top Statehouse Allies Say Not So Fast", The New York Times, November 4, 1993. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Staff. "THE 1997 ELECTIONS: RESULTS; The Races for the New Jersey Assembly", The New York Times, November 5, 1997. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  29. ↑ Kocieniewski, David. "THE 1999 ELECTIONS: NEW JERSEY ASSEMBLY; Democrats Win Seats in Three Districts, Narrowing Republicans' Majority", The New York Times, November 3, 1999. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  30. ↑ Staff. "THE 2001 ELECTIONS; RESULTS -- The Races for New Jersey", The New York Times, November 8, 2001. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  31. ↑ Kocieniewski, David. "THE 2003 ELECTION: THE STATEHOUSE; Democrats Seize Senate And Widen Assembly Gap", The New York Times, November 5, 2003. Accessed June 23, 2010.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Official List - Candidates for General Assembly For GENERAL ELECTION 11/05/2013 Election Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State, December 4, 2013. Accessed January 29, 2014.
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