Kazakhstan–Spain relations

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Kazakhstan-Spain relations

Kazakhstan
Spain

Kazakhstan–Spain relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

History

After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became an independent nation in December 1991. On 11 February 1992, Kazakhstan and Spain established diplomatic relations.[1] In 1999, Spain opened a resident embassy in the former capital of Almaty before moving the embassy to Astana in 2006. That same year, Kazakhstan opened a resident embassy in Madrid.[1] In June 2007, Spanish King Juan Carlos I paid an official visit to Kazakhstan.[2] In 2008, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev paid an official visit to Spain.[1]

Since the initial establishment of diplomatic relations, both nations have worked closely within multinational forums such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. In 2017, Spain participated in the Expo 2017 being held in Astana.[3]

State visits

Presidential visits from Kazakhstan to Spain[1][4]

Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from Spain to Kazakhstan[2][5][6]

Bilateral Relations

Since 1992, both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as Agreement on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (1995); Agreement on Economic and Industrial Cooperation (1997); Agreement on Cultural, Educational and Scientific Cooperation (1997); Agreement to transport equipment and military personnel through Kazakh territory for Spanish stabilization and reconstruction in Afghanistan (2009); Agreement on the Elimination of Visas for Diplomatic Passport Holders (2009); Agreement on Tourism Cooperation (2009); Extradition Treaty (2012) and an Agreement on Military Cooperation (2013).[1]

Trade

In 2015, trade between Kazakhstan and Spain totaled €1.3 billion Euros.[1] Kazakhstan's main exports to Spain include: combustibles and lubricants, copper based products, inorganic chemical products, steel products and electrical equipment. Spain's main exports to Kazakhstan include: vehicles, air navigation equipment, construction equipment, clothing and shoes.[1] Several Spanish multinational companies such as Obrascón Huarte Lain, Repsol, Talgo and Zara operate in Kazakhstan.

Resident diplomatic missions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kazakhstan (in Spanish)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Visita Oficial de Sus Majestades los Reyes a la República de Kazajstán (in Spanish)
  3. ↑ Pabellón de España en Expo Astana 2017 (in Spanish)
  4. ↑ El presidente de Kazajistán visita hoy España, donde se reunirá con el Rey y Rajoy (in Spanish)
  5. ↑ Zapatero inicia en Kazajistán una gira para apoyar las exportaciones españolas
  6. ↑ Rajoy viaja a Kazajstán para apoyar a las grandes empresas de obra pública (in Spanish)
  7. ↑ Embassy of Kazakhstan in Madrid
  8. ↑ Embassy of Spain in Astana
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