Hugh Herr

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
Hugh Herr
File:Hugh Herr, 2013-crop.jpg
Herr in 2013
Born Hugh Miller Herr
(1964-10-25) October 25, 1964 (age 59)
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Nationality American
Fields Biophysics
Mechanical engineering
Physics
Institutions Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Alma mater Millersville University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Website
media.mit.edu/people/hherr

Hugh Herr (born October 25, 1964) is an American rock climber, engineer, and biophysicist.

Early life

The youngest of five siblings of a Mennonite family from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Hugh Herr was a prodigy rock climber: by age eight, he had scaled the face of the 11,627-foot (3,544 m) Mount Temple in the Canadian Rockies, and by 17 he was acknowledged to be one of the best climbers in the United States.[1]

In January 1982, after having ascended a difficult technical ice route in Huntington Ravine on Mount Washington in New Hampshire, Herr and a fellow climber Jeff Batzer were caught in a blizzard and became disoriented, ultimately descending into the Great Gulf where they passed three nights in −20 °F (−29 °C) degree temperatures. By the time they were rescued, the climbers had suffered severe frostbite. Both of Herr's legs had to be amputated below the knees; his companion lost his lower left leg, the toes on his right foot, and the fingers on his right hand. During the rescue attempt, volunteer Albert Dow was killed by an avalanche.[1]

Following months of surgeries and rehabilitation, Herr was doing what doctors told him was unthinkable: climbing again. Using specialized prostheses that he designed, he created prosthetic feet with high toe stiffness that made it possible to stand on small rock edges the width of a coin, and titanium-spiked feet that assisted him in ascending steep ice walls. He used these prostheses to alter his height to avoid awkward body positions and to grab hand and foot holds previously out of reach. His height could range from five to eight feet. As a result of using the prostheses, Herr climbed at a more advanced level than he had before the accident, making him the first person with a major amputation to perform in a sport on par with elite-level, able-bodied persons.[2][3]

Personal life

Hugh Herr and author Patricia Ellis Herr are the parents of two daughters, Alexandra and Sage. Alex's earliest hiking achievements are described in Patricia's memoir, Up: A Mother and Daughter's Peakbagging Adventure (Broadway Books, April 2012).

Education

After his climbing career, Herr began to focus on academics, previously an area of little interest to him. He earned an undergraduate degree in physics at his local college, Millersville University, and a master's degree in mechanical engineering at MIT, followed by a PhD in biophysics from Harvard University.

Career

Hugh Herr climbs the wall at the MIT Media Lab's h2.0 symposium on May 9, 2007 watched by fellow bilateral amputee Aimee Mullins

While a postdoctoral fellow at MIT in biomedical devices, he began working on advanced leg prostheses and orthoses, devices that emulate the functionality of the human leg.[1]

Currently, Herr is an associate professor in MIT's Program in Media Arts and Sciences and in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. As head of the Biomechatronics research group at the MIT Media Lab, he focuses on developing wearable robotic systems that serve to augment human physical capability. Most of what he designs is not for him, but for others to whose difficulties he can relate.

Herr has published over 60 peer-reviewed papers in the field of rehabilitation science and is the holder (or co-holder) of more than 10 patents[4] related to assistive devices, including those for a computer-controlled artificial knee,[5] commercially available as the Rheo Knee[6] an active ankle-foot orthosis, and the world's first powered ankle-foot prosthesis.[7]

These devices are advancing an emerging field of engineering science that applies principles of biomechanics and neural control to guide the designs of human rehabilitation and augmentative devices. The goal is to rehabilitate individuals that have undergone limb amputation or have suffered a pathology, and also to augment human physical capability for those with normal intact physiologies.

The computer-controlled knee, which is outfitted with a microprocessor that continually senses the joint's position and the loads applied to the limb, was named to the list of Top Ten Inventions in the health category by TIME magazine in 2004.[8] The robotic ankle-foot prosthesis, which mimics the action of a biological leg and, for the first time, provides transtibial amputees with a natural gait, was named to the same TIME top-ten list in 2007.[9]

File:Hugh Herr, TED 2014.jpg
Herr presenting prosthetic legs at TED 2014, where he first demonstrated a running gait under neural command.

In 2007, Herr was presented with the 13th Annual Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment.[10] He is also the recipient of the Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Leadership Award (2005).[11]

Herr was a member of a team of seven experts in biomechanics and physiology from six universities that conducted research on the mechanics of Oscar Pistorius' running blades. The South African bilateral amputee track athlete was banned by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) from running in able-bodied events, as previous research had shown the blades gave him a competitive advantage.[12] A portion of these results were presented to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, Switzerland in May 2008, by Herr and colleague Rodger Kram which resulted in reversing the ban. This allowed Pistorius to become the first disabled sprint runner to qualify against able-bodied athletes for an Olympic event.[13] The full findings of the team's experiments were published in the June 18, 2009 issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology.[14]

Herr's story has been told by Alison Osius in the book Second Ascent: The Story of Hugh Herr; a Discovery Channel feature story; and in a 2002 National Geographic movie, Ascent: The Story of Hugh Herr.

Herr was featured on a March 25, 2012 episode of CNN's The Next List.[15]

Notable grants and awards

  • R&D Magazine’s 2014 Innovator of the Year [16]
  • Smithsonian magazine's American Ingenuity Award (2014) in the Technology Category
  • Spirit of Da Vinci Award (2008) [17]
  • Action Maverick Award (2008) [18]
  • 13th Heinz Award in Technology, the Economy and Employment (2007)[10]
  • TIME magazine Top Ten Inventions 2004[8]
  • TIME magazine Top Ten Inventions 2007[9]
  • Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Leadership Award (2005)[11]
  • Science magazine Next Wave: Best of 2003
  • Young American Award (1990)
  • United States College Academic Team (1990)
  • Sports Hall of Fame (1989)
  • With the Providence VA Center for Restorative and Regenerative Medicine and Brown University, a $7.2 million grant from the US Department of Veterans Affairs to create "biohybrid" limbs to restore natural function to amputees. (2004)

Notable rock climbs

  • 1983 Vandals, Gunks, FA with Lynn Hill and Russ Clune, first 5.13 on the East Coast.[19]
  • 1984 Stage Fright (5.12c X), Cathedral Ledge, North Conway, NH. First Ascent.[20]
  • 1986 Ride of the Valkyries (5.12a), Careno Crag, Leavenworth, WA – First Ascent.[21]
  • 1986 City Park (5.13c), Index Town Walls, WA – 2nd ascent.[22]

Biography

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Boston Magazine article, "Best Foot Forward," February 2009
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ [1] National Geographic Channel "Ascent: The Story of Hugh Herr"
  4. ↑ freepatentsonline.com, Retrieved on 7/22/09
  5. ↑ Science Central
  6. ↑ Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2004. "Bionic Knee Learns How to Walk". [2] retrieved on July 22, 2009.
  7. ↑ Technology Review, May 11, 2007. "The World's First Powered Ankle". [3] retrieved on July 23, 2009.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 13th Heinz Award in Technology, the Economy and Employment
  11. ↑ MIT Media Lab, May 15, 2008. "Study Revives Olympic Prospects for Amputee Sprinter". [4] retrieved on July 23, 2009.
  12. ↑ Technology Review, May 21, 2008. "Amputee Gets a Shot at the Olympics". [5] retrieved on July 23, 2009.
  13. ↑ Journal of Applied Physiology, "The fastest runner on artificial legs: different limbs, similar function?" June 18, 2009]
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ http://www.rdmag.com/news/2014/08/r-d-magazine-announces-scientist-and-innovator-year-award-winners
  16. ↑ Medical News Today
  17. ↑ Action Maverick Award
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Herr&oldid=503447"