Haplogroup NO
| Haplogroup NO | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 34.600±4.700 years BP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | Southeast Asia or Southern China [1] |
| Ancestor | K2 |
| Descendants | N; O |
| Defining mutations | M214, P188, P192, P193, P194, P195. |
Haplogroup NO (M214) also known as K2a is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
The parent of Haplogroup NO is K2, itself a child of the greater Haplogroup K.
NO is a phylogenetic sibling of the macrogroup K2b (the descendants of which include the major haplogroups M, P, Q, R and S). NO is also a sibling of the rare haplogroups K2c (P261), K2d (P402) and K2e (M147).
Origins
Haplogroup NO (M214) originated in East Asia. Its subclades Haplogroup N and Haplogroup O are overwhelmingly dominant in most populations of North and East Eurasia.
Distribution
No confirmed case of basal Haplogroup NO* has been found. NO-M214 (xN1-LLY22g, O-M175), which potentially may belong either to Haplogroup NO* or to Haplogroup N*-M231(xN1-LLY22g), has been found in 5.7% (2/35) of a sample of Buyi males,[2] and in 2.9% (6/210) of a pool of four samples of Japanese males, particularly in Tokushima (4/70 = 5.7%).[3]
M214 (xN1-LLY22g, O-M175) also has been found sporadically in samples of Yizu,[3] Malays,[3] Mongolians,[3] Daurs,[2] Manchurian Evenks,[2] Hezhes,[2] Huis,[2] Yaos,[2] South Koreans,[2] and Sô.[4] Two Han Chinese males previously thought to be M214 (xN1-LLY22g, O-M175) subsequently have been found to belong to N*-M231(xN1-LLY22g).[5]
(A sample from South India that was thought initially to be "pre-NO" was provisionally labelled "Haplogroup X".[6] It was, however, subsequently identified as a sibling of NO, within Haplogroup K2 [K-M526] and renamed K2e [K-M147].)
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[7] and subsequent published research.
See also
| Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Y-chromosomal Adam" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A00 | A0-T [χ 3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A0 | A1[χ 4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A1b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b1 | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | F2 | F3 | GHIJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | HIJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | IJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IJ | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT [χ 5] | K2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L | T | NO [χ 6] | K2b [χ 7] | K2c | K2d | K2e [χ 8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | O | K2b1 [χ 9] | P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | S [χ 10] | Q | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references />, or <references group="..." /> |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hammer et al. (2005) "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," The Japan Society of Human Genetics, 2005
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox et al., "Major East-West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification Across Indonesia," MBE Advance Access published March 5, 2010.
- ↑ Gregory R Magoon, Raymond H Banks, Christian Rottensteiner, et al., Generation of high-resolution a priori Y-chromosome phylogenies using “next-generation” sequencing data, bioRxiv posted online November 22, 2013
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "χ", but no corresponding <references group="χ"/> tag was found, or a closing </ref> is missing
