Glossary of tables game terms

File:Jeu jacquet.jpg

Tables board used for Jacquet

The following is a glossary of terms used in tables games, essentially games played on a Backgammon-type board. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to a single game like Backgammon or Acey-deucey), but apply to a range of tables games.

A

ace

1. A die roll of one.
2. The face of a die with one pip. (Historically, 2=deuce, 3=trey, 4=quater, 5=cinc, 6=sice; though these terms are now obsolete.)

ace point

The player's first point on the board. Also home point.

B

bar

The central strip separating the left and right halves of the board, usually formed by the raised edges or rails of each half board. The raised partition of the board.

bear off

To remove one's men from the board in the final stages of a game. The first to do so usually wins the game; however, in Trictrac, it scores points but the game continues. Also throw off.

bearing table

The table in which men are borne off.

block

Any point on the board where two or more men rest. An opponent may not land on such a point.

blockade

A succession of blocked points i.e. points held by at least two men. Also prime.

blot

A single man on a point. In many tables games, this is a vulnerable situation as the man is liable to be hit by an opposing man.

board

1. The whole playing area, traditionally a hinged, wooden tray.
2. Same as quadrant. Thus there are four boards. In Backgammon and similar games, there is a home board and outer board on each player's side.

break a point

To remove one of two men on a point, thus leaving a blot. Also clear a point.

builder

Once two men have been placed on a point, any extra men are builders.

C

cast

1. The number rolled on a die or dice.
2. To throw or roll the die or dice.

checker

US backgammon term for any of the pieces used for playing the game. Also counter, man or stone.

cinque

1. A die roll of five
2. The face of a die with five pips.

cocked die

A die that comes to rest tilted and not flat. May be automatically invalid in some games.

come in, come on

To bring a man back into play, after it has been hit or knocked off.

counter

Any one of the pieces used for playing the game. Also checker (US), man or stone.

cover a blot

To place a second man on an isolated piece thus making a point.

cup

The container used to throw the dice or die. Should have a small lip on the inside to prevent fixing the dice. Also dice cup.

D

dice cup

A cup used to shake and roll the dice.

die, dice

A die is one of usually two or three six-sided cubes used in playing a tables game. Each face of the cube is marked with a number of pips from 1 to 6 that is used in moving men or scoring. Plural: dice.

division

Same as quadrant.

doubles

See doublet.

doublet

Two dice each with the same pip count. In some tables games, the player plays each die twice. Also doubles.

In French tables games, there were individual names for the doublets as follows:

• doublet of Aces: bezas (diminutive of ambesas), bezet;
• doublet of 2: double two (doublet de deux);
• doublet of 3: ternes;
• doublet of 4: carmes;
• doublet of 5: quines;
• doublet of 6: sonnez ("ring the bells").

E

enter

To play a piece onto the tables or board.

expose a blot, expose a point

See uncover a blot.

exposed

Said of a man that sits alone on a point. In most games he is vulnerable to being hit by an opposing man.

H

hit

1. To force an isolated opposing piece (or blot) off the board by moving a piece to the point concerned e.g. as in Backgammon. Also 'knock off'.
2. To score points by being in a position to move a piece to a point on which an isolated opposing piece is located e.g. as in Trictrac.

home

1. noun. The first point on a player's side.
2. noun. The starting or finishing point.
3. adverb. To the player's first six points.
4. To play at home. To play one's pieces in one's first twelve points.

home board, home table

A player's starting quadrant containing points 1 to 6. Also inner board or table. In some games (e.g. Irish and Backgammon), the finishing quadrant.

home point

See ace point.

homewards

Towards the player's first point.

I

inner board, inner table

See home board.

K

knock off

See hit.

M

march

The route of one or more men around the board.

man (men)

Any of the counters used to play a tables game. Formerly table-man. Man is the traditional English term, but it is also called a checker (US), counter, piece or stone.

move

The action of advancing a man in accordance with the roll of a die. If a man is advanced by the total score on two dice, it is a double move.

O

outer board, outer table

The penultimate quadrant of the board, preceding the player's home table or inner table.

P

pile

1. A stack of two or more men on a point.
2. To place men one on top of another.

pip, pips

The spots on the dice.

play

To move a man based on the roll of a die or dice.

piece

Any of the counters used in tables games. Also checker, man or stone. Man is the traditional term.

point

1. Any one of the triangular spaces on a tables board.
2. To make a point is to establish two or more men on it such that it cannot be captured.

prime

1. A succession of blocked points, normally points held by at least two opposing men.{ Also prime.
2. A succession of six points so occupied. Also side prime.

Q

quadrant

One of the four sections of a tables board. Also board, division, quarter or table.

quarter

Same as quadrant.

R

rail

Same as off the board. The rail is the raised edge of the board.

re-enter

To play a man to the board after it has been removed, typically after being hit.

rest

A man is said to 'rest' when he pauses on an intermediate point in moving the total of two or more dice.

roll the die, roll the dice

To project or throw the die or dice onto the board. Also cast or throw.

S

setting the men

To place the men in position at the start of a game.

side prime

A blockade of six consecutive points. See also prime.

singleton

A single man on a point; also called a blot.

space

One of usually 24 rectangular sections of a tables board, especially an historical one, one which men may be placed during play. Equivalent of point q.v.

stack

1. To place men one on top of one another. Also pile.
2. A heap of men so placed. Also pile.

stone

See man.

T

File:13th-Century Tablemen on display at the Tower of London.jpg

13th century tablemen at the Tower of London

table

1. Same as quadrant. One of the four divisions of the board.
2. Sometimes used to describe each half of the board (left and right).

tableman, tablemen

Original name for the pieces or men, q.v.

Tables board

The playing surface of a tables game.

Tables game

A game played using a tables board.

talon

Point no. 1 in French tables games such as Trictrac and Jacquet.

throw

1. Same as roll when referring to dice.
2. Throw off. Same as bear off.

File:Trictrac tablier et accessoires.jpg

Trictrac board and equipment

trictrac, Trictrac board

Type of board used for Trictrac and other French tables games. Similar to a backgammon board, but with high side rails and holes in the rails for scoring purposes.

triplet

Three dice each with the same pip count.

U

uncover a blot, uncover a point

To remove a man or men from a point leaving only one man behind, who is thus exposed.

Literature

• Bell, R. C. (1979). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. NY: Dover. ISBN 0486238555
• Clay, Robin A. (1992). Backgammon. London: Hodder.
• Crane, Michael (2006). Backgammon. London: Teach Yourself.
• Forgeng, Jeff, Dorothy Johnston and David Cram (2003). Francis Willughby's Book of Games. Ashgate Press. ISBN 1 85928 460 4.
• Halliwell-Phillips, James Orchard (1852). A Dictionary of Archaic & Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs, Volume 2 (J–Z). London: John Russell Smith.
• Longacre, John (1980). Backgammon of Today. NY: Bell.
• Murray, H. J. R. (1941). "“The Mediaeval Games of Tables" in Medium Aevum, Vol. 10, ed. by Charles Talbot Onions. Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 57-69.
• Obolensky, Prince Alexis and Ted James (1974). Backgammon. London: Star. [Originally publ. as Backgammon: The Action Game, NY: Collier (1969) and London: Allen (1971).]
• Singman, Jeffrey L. (1999). Daily Life in Medieval Europe. Westport: Greenwood.

External links

• Glossary of the US Backgammon Federation.