Craugastoridae
| Craugastoridae | |
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| Craugastor fitzingeri | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008 |
| Subfamilies and genera | |
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See the text. |
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The Craugastoridae, or fleshbelly frogs, are a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it is a large family containing 746 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.[1]
Contents
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled,[2][3] and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae,[3][4][5] with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae.[3][6][7] The most recent rearrangement of subfamilies and genera is from 2014.[8]
Life history
With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous,[9] craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.[10]
Subfamilies and genera
The following taxonomy follows Padial and colleagues (2014)[8] and is adopted by the Amphibian Species of the World.[1]
Taxa not placed in a subfamily
- "Eleutherodactylus" bilineatus (Bokermann, 1975)
Subfamilies
- Ceuthomantinae Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009 (495 sp.) (=Pristimantinae Ohler and Dubois, 2012)
- Ceuthomantis Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009 (four species)
- Dischidodactylus Lynch, 1979 (two species)
- Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 (484 sp.)
- Yunganastes Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Köhler, Domic, and De la Riva, 2007 (five species)
- Craugastorinae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (132 sp.)
- Craugastor Cope, 1862 (113 spp.)
- Haddadus Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (three species)
- Strabomantis Peters, 1863 (16 sp.)
- Holoadeninae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (118 sp.)
- Barycholos Heyer, 1969 (two species)
- Bryophryne Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (eight species)
- Euparkerella Griffiths, 1959 (four species)
- Holoaden Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (four species)
- Hypodactylus Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (12 sp.)
- Lynchius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (four species)
- Niceforonia Goin and Cochran, 1963 (three species)
- Noblella Barbour, 1930 (11 spp.)
- Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (23 sp.)
- Phrynopus Peters, 1873 (26 sp.)
- Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (21 sp.)
Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae
The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae but are now in superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:[8]
- Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 (monotypic).[11]
- Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 (monotypic)[12]
References
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