Bauhinia

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Bauhinia
Bauhinia divaricata.jpg
Bauhinia divaricata flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Caesalpinioideae
Tribe:
Cercideae[1]
Genus:
Bauhinia
Type species
Bauhinia divaricata
L.
Species

239–334; see text.
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Alvesia Welw.
  • Amaria S. Mutis ex Caldas
  • Ariaria Cuervo
  • Cansenia Raf.
  • Cardenasia Rusby
  • Caspareopsis Britton & Rose
  • Casparia Kunth
  • Mandarus Raf.
  • Monoteles Raf.
  • Pauletia Cav.
  • Perlebia Mart.
  • Schnella Raddi
  • Telestria Raf.

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Bauhinia /boʊˈhɪniə/[4] is a genus of more than 500 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the large flowering plant family Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. The genus was named after the Bauhin brothers, Swiss-French botanists.

Many species are widely planted in the tropics as orchid trees, particularly in India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and southeastern China. Other common names include mountain ebony and kachnar (India and Pakistan). In the United States, the trees grow in Hawaii, coastal California, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Bauhinia ×blakeana is the floral emblem of Hong Kong—a stylized orchid tree flower appears on the flag of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Airlines uses 'Bauhinia' as its radio callsign in air traffic communication.

Description

Bauhinia trees typically reach a height of 6–12 m and their branches spread 3–6 m outwards. The lobed leaves usually are 10–15 cm across.

The five-petaled flowers are 7.5–12.5 cm diameter, generally in shades of red, pink, purple, orange, or yellow, and are often fragrant. The tree begins flowering in late winter and often continues to flower into early summer. Depending on the species, Bauhinia flowers are usually in magenta, mauve, pink or white hues with crimson highlights.

Cultivation

Propagation of Bauhinia species is from seeds or cuttings. They prefer acidic soils and do not tolerate salty conditions. Full sun exposure is preferred but they can be grown under partial sun. Generous watering is needed during summer; moderate moisture required in winter.

Bauhinia acuminata flower in Hyderabad, India.
Bauhinia racemosa flowers & fruits in Hyderabad, India.
Bauhinia tomentosa flowers in Hyderabad, India.

Species

Accepted species

Bauhinia includes at least the following species:[5][6][7]

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2

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[7]

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  • Bauhinia abyssinica A.Rich.
  • Bauhinia acuminata Bruce
  • Bauhinia aimouta Steud.
  • Bauhinia amatlana Wunderlin
  • Bauhinia andax DeWitt
  • Bauhinia angularis Harms ex Glaz.
  • Bauhinia angulata Vell.
  • Bauhinia articulata Oliv.
  • Bauhinia audax (de Wit) G.Cusset
  • Bauhinia aurea H. Lév.
  • Bauhinia ayabacensis Wunderlin
  • Bauhinia bacuria Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
  • Bauhinia baueriana Steud.
  • Bauhinia benzoin Kotschy ex Schweinf.
  • Bauhinia bequaerti De Wild.
  • Bauhinia bryoniflora Franch.
  • Bauhinia burkeana Benth. ex Harv. & Sond.
  • Bauhinia cancara Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.
  • Bauhinia candelabriformis R.S. Cowan
  • Bauhinia choriophylla Vogel
  • Bauhinia cissoides Welw. ex Oliv.
  • Bauhinia compacta Regel
  • Bauhinia congesta—Anacacho Orchid Tree[9]
  • Bauhinia cookii Rose
  • Bauhinia corymbosa Roxb. ex DC.
  • Bauhinia crocea Drake
  • Bauhinia cucullata Desv.
  • Bauhinia cumingiana (Benth.) Fern.-Vill.
  • Bauhinia damiaoshanensis T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia depauperata Glaz.
  • Bauhinia dobbierum Rose
  • Bauhinia dubia G. Don
  • Bauhinia eriophora Ten.
  • Bauhinia esmeraldasensis Wunderlin
  • Bauhinia eximia Miq.
  • Bauhinia fabrilis (de Wit) K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen
  • Bauhinia farec Desv.
  • Bauhinia geniculata Wunderlin
  • Bauhinia grahami Steud.
  • Bauhinia grandifolia Steud.
  • Bauhinia herrerae (Britton & Rose) Standl. & Steyerm.
  • Bauhinia holzei F.Muell.
  • Bauhinia hostmanniana Miq.
  • Bauhinia hypochrysa T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia hypoglauca Tang & F.T. Wang ex T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia indica Ladd ex Loud
  • Bauhinia isopetala Griff.
  • Bauhinia jenningsii Paul G. Wilson
  • Bauhinia leichhardtii F.Muell.
  • Bauhinia lingyuenensis T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia longiracemosa Hayata
  • Bauhinia longiseta Fróes
  • Bauhinia longistipes T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia longistyla Benth.
  • Bauhinia maculata Ten.
  • Bauhinia maglesia Lindl.
  • Bauhinia malacotrichoides R.S. Cowan
  • Bauhinia marlothii Engl.
  • Bauhinia marowijnensis Kleinh.
  • Bauhinia montana Lanza
  • Bauhinia mucora Bolle
  • Bauhinia ovatifolia T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia parkinsonii C.E.C.Fisch.
  • Bauhinia paucinervata T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia persichii F.Muell.
  • Bauhinia pinnata Blanco
  • Bauhinia platisiliqua Steud.
  • Bauhinia platysiliqua Perr. ex DC.
  • Bauhinia polyacantha Steud.
  • Bauhinia polyantha Vogel
  • Bauhinia purpurea Wall.
  • Bauhinia pyrrhocarpa Hochst.
  • Bauhinia quinnanensis T.C.Chen
  • Bauhinia reniformis Royle ex Baker
  • Bauhinia rubescens Pers.
  • Bauhinia ruficarpa Desv.
  • Bauhinia scortechinii Prain ex King
  • Bauhinia sellowiana Vogel
  • Bauhinia siamensis K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
  • Bauhinia sirindhorniae K.Larsen & S.Larsen
  • Bauhinia stenoscypha Baker
  • Bauhinia strychnoidea Prain ex King
  • Bauhinia subclavala Benth.
  • Bauhinia superba Steud.
  • Bauhinia tamarindacea Delile
  • Bauhinia tenuis Span.
  • Bauhinia teysmanniana Scheff.
  • Bauhinia timorensis Decne.
  • Bauhinia timoriana Steud.
  • Bauhinia timoriensis Baker
  • Bauhinia trichosepala (L.P.Queiroz) Wunderlin & Eilers
  • Bauhinia tuichiensis Cayola & A. Fuentes
  • Bauhinia umbriana Britton & Killip
  • Bauhinia vahlii Villar
  • Bauhinia venustula T.C. Chen
  • Bauhinia welwischii Oliv.

Hybrids

One hybrid is known:[6]

Segregate genera

Species in the genera Barklya, Gigasiphon, Lasiobema, Lysiphyllum, Phanera, Piliostigma, Schnella, and Tylosema are sometimes included in Bauhinia (sensu lato).

Gallery of Bauhinia racemosa

  • trunk in Hyderabad, India.

  • leaves & trunk in Hyderabad, India.

  • leaves & fruit pods in Hyderabad, India.

  • trunk in Hyderabad, India.

  • old & new leaves with flower buds in Hyderabad, India.

  • flowers & fruit pods in Hyderabad, India.

  • flowers & fruit pods in Hyderabad, India.

  • trunk in Hyderabad, India.

Gallery of Bauhinia tomentosa

References

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External links

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    • ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607; OED: "Bauhinia"
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    • ↑ http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?genus=Bauhinia&species=scandens
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