Bankruptcy barrel
The bankruptcy barrel is a visual symbol, primarily of the 20th century, used in cartoons and other media as a token of destitution. Not intended to be realistic, it consists of a suit made of just a pickle barrel held on by suspenders, indicating that the subject is so poor that he is unable to afford even clothes. It was a common representation of bankruptcy, appearing in many animated shorts, political cartoons, comedies,[1] and other media.[2]
Will Johnstone's editorial-cartoon character "the Taxpayer", first published in the New York World Telegram in 1933 and regularly thererafter, showed the taxpayer reduced to wearing a barrel for clothing.[3][4][5] Other cartoonists then copied this theme.[3] Whether Johnstone is the origin of the symbol is not established.[citation needed] Canadian cartoonist John Collins, editorial cartoonist of the Montreal Gazette from 1939 to 1982, commonly used the character "Uno Who" in his editorial cartoons. Uno Who was almost always shown wearing a bankruptcy barrel, and for much the same reason (high taxes) as Johnstone's taxpayer.[6]
However, the use of a barrel as clothing for comedic effect (rather than to necessarily show penury) goes back further; the hapless character is reduced to wearing a barrel for modesty because his clothes have been stolen or some other putatively amusing circumstance has arisen. George Etherege's 1664 comedy The Comical Revenge or, Love in a Tub included a barrel–wearing character.[7] The 1921 film Tol'able David contains a scene with a character wearing a barrel.[8] Moon Mullins was occasionally seen wearing a barrel after losing at cards.[9]
Drunkard's cloak
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The bankruptcy barrel is similar to a drunkard's cloak, an actual punishment seen from medieval times forward (but now obsolete) as a sort of pillory to punish drunkards and other offenders.
Depictions of the drunkard's cloak usually show a barrel with a hole cut into the top for the head to pass through at the neck and two small holes cut in the sides for the arms (or just the hands) to pass through. This differs in detail from bankruptcy barrel, which is almost always shown with the top of the barrel at the armpits, the arms free above that, and the barrel held up by two straps passing over the shoulders.
References
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