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Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's ideas via speech. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, as with libel, slander, obscenity and incitement to commit a crime.
The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Article 19 goes on to say that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".
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Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the general body of people as determined by a government, media outlet, or other controlling body.
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Daniel "Dan" Perkins Smith Paul (July 22, 1924 – January 24, 2010) was an American attorney best known for arguing the landmark case Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo before the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision established the principle that government could not force a newspaper to publish content. Paul was born in Jacksonville, Florida, grew up in Daytona, Florida, and was educated at Harvard University, receiving degrees in law and public administration. Setting up practice in Miami, Florida, he specialized in First Amendment and environmental law. His clients included the Miami Dolphins of American football and newspapers such as The Miami Herald and the Wall Street Journal. For his active role in city politics, Paul was nicknamed "the father of Metro".
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Freedom of speech is central to most every other right that we hold dear in the United States and serves to strengthen the democracy of our great country. It is unfortunate, then, when actions occur that might be interpreted as contrary to this honored tenet. |
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Freedom of speech
Awards: AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility • Valeriu Boboc Prize • CPJ International Press Freedom Awards • Four Freedoms Award • Geschwister-Scholl-Preis • Gwangju Prize for Human Rights • Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award • James Madison Freedom of Information Award • Leipzig Human Rights Award • Muzzle Awards • Norwegian Academy of Literature and Freedom of Expression • PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award • PEN/Katherine Anne Porter First Amendment Award • PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award • Sakharov Prize • UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize • William J. Brennan Award • World Association of Newspapers' Golden Pen of Freedom Award
Books: Beyond the First Amendment • Cyber Rights • Free Speech, "The People's Darling Privilege" • Freedom of Expression • Net.wars
 Free speech activists: Floyd Abrams • Guy Aldred • Michael Gottlieb Birckner • Susan Block • Brenda Brathwaite • Roy W. Brown • Lenny Bruce • George Carlin • Henry Carlisle • Zechariah Chafee • The Confessionals • Ida Craddock • Hossein Derakhshan • David Esrati • John Henry Faulk • Elizabeth Gurley Flynn • Larry Flynt • Heather Ford • Pim Fortuyn • Free Speech League • Mike Godwin • Theo van Gogh (film director) • Emma Goldman • Bennett Haselton • Hugh Hefner • Marjorie Heins • Bill Hicks • Ayaan Hirsi Ali • Abbie Hoffman • William Hone • Zoia Horn • Saad Eddin Ibrahim • Joesoef Isak • Jiang Lijun • Peter Junger • Chris Kempling • Ronald Kidd • Kitty Marion • Howie Klein • Judith Krug • Li Zhi (dissident) • Elijah Parish Lovejoy • Declan McCullagh • John McGovern (politician) • Aaron McGruder • Kembrew McLeod • Irshad Manji • George W. Mavety • Alexander Meiklejohn • Nicholas Merrill • Gregorius Nekschot • Philip Njaru • Rashid Nugmanov • Ursula Owen • Pu Zhiqiang • Marc Randazza • Barney Rosset • Hasan Saltık • Margaret Sanger • Mario Savio • Theodore Schroeder • Fariborz Shamshiri • Shi Tao • Howard Stern • Nadine Strossen • David S. Touretzky • Wang Xiaoning • Grady Ward • Geert Wilders • Rose Witcop • Frank Zappa • Zhou Shuguang
General: Abusive language (law) • Article 14 of the Constitution of Singapore • Birth control movement in the United States • Cartoonists Rights Network, International • Censorship by country • False statements of fact • Free speech fights • Free Speech League • Free Speech Movement • Free Speech Radio News • Free Speech TV • Free speech zone • Freedom of information • Freedom of Speech (painting) • Freedom of speech by country • Freedom of speech in the United States • Freedom of the press in the United States • International Freedom of Expression Exchange • Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war • Market for loyalties theory • Occupy Oakland • SPEECH Act • The Tully Center for Free Speech • Whistleblower
Organizations: Action for Children's Television • American Society of Magazine Editors • ARTICLE 19 • Canadian Journalists for Free Expression • Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility • Central Committee for Ex-Muslims • Central Council of Ex-Muslims • Chilling Effects • Comic Book Legal Defense Fund • Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund • Committee to Protect Journalists • Croatian Journalists' Association • CryptoRights Foundation • digitalcourage (formerly FoeBuD) • Doha Centre for Media Freedom • Electronic Frontier Foundation • Electronic Frontiers Georgia • Feminists Against Censorship • First Amendment Center • First Amendment Coalition • Foundation for Press Freedom • Free Speech Coalition • Free Speech League • Freedom House • Freedom of the Press (report) • Index on Censorship • Inter American Press Association • International Center for Law and Religion Studies • International Free Press Society • International Freedom of Expression Exchange • International Media Support • International PEN • International Press Institute • Media Legal Defence Initiative • National Coalition Against Censorship • Pacifica Forum • Press Freedom Index • Reporters Without Borders • Save the Internet • Somali Exiled Journalists Association (SEJA) • South East Europe Media Organisation • Southeast Asian Press Alliance • Student Press Law Center • Swedish Publicists' Association • Television Watch • Tunisia Monitoring Group • World Press Freedom Committee
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