Charles-François Daubigny

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Charles-François Daubigny
Charles francois daubigny.jpg
Photograph by Nadar
Born (1817-02-15)15 February 1817
Paris, France
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Paris, France
Known for Painting
Movement Barbizon school

Charles-François Daubigny (/ˈdoʊbɪnji/ doh-BIN-yee,[1] US /ˌdoʊbiːnˈjiː, doʊˈbiːnji/ doh-BEEN-yee-,_-doh-BEEN-yee,[2][3] fr; 15 February 1817 – 19 February 1878) was a French painter, one of the members of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of impressionism.

He was also a prolific printmaker, mostly in etching, and one of the main artists who used the cliché verre technique.

Biography

Daubigny was born in Paris, into a family of painters; taught art by his father, Edmé-François Daubigny, and his uncle, miniaturist Pierre Daubigny (1793–1858). He was also a pupil of Jean-Victor Bertin, Jacques Raymond Brascassat and Paul Delaroche, from whom he would quickly emancipate himself. Though best known for his painted landscapes, Daubigny survived for many years as a graphic artist, illustrating books, magazines and travel guides for publication.[4]

In 1838, he set up, at the Rue des Amandiers-Popincourt, a community of artists, a phalanstery, with Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume, Hippolyte Lavoignat, Ernest Meissonnier, Auguste Steinheil, Louis Joseph Trimolet, with whom he already had expressed his interest in subjects drawn directly from daily life and nature. These artists will work, among others, for the publisher Léon Curmer, who was specialized in books illustrated with vignettes. From this period date the first confirmed engravings by Daubigny.

Initially Daubigny painted in a more traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in Barbizon to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with Camille Corot in 1852 in Optevoz (Isère). On his famous boat Botin, which he had turned into a studio, he painted along the Seine and Oise, often in the region around Auvers. From 1852 onward, he was influenced by Gustave Courbet. The two artists were from the same generation and were driven by the realist movement: during a joint stay, each composed a series of views of Optevoz.

In 1848, Daubigny worked on behalf of the Chalcographie du Louvre, performing facsimiles, which testifies to his great expertise in this art, and revisiting the technique of aquatint in a less cumbersome process. His famous series of Rolling Carts dates from this period. In 1862, with Corot, he experimented with the cliché-verre technique, halfway between photography and printmaking.

In 1866, he joined the jury of the Paris Salon for the first time, alongside his friend Corot. The same year, Daubigny visited England, eventually returning because of the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870. In London he met Claude Monet, and they left for the Netherlands together. Back in Auvers, he met Paul Cézanne, another important Impressionist. It is assumed that these younger impressionist painters were influenced by Daubigny.

Daubigny died in Paris in 1878. His remains are interred at cimetière du Père-Lachaise (division 24).

His followers and pupils included his son Karl (whose works are occasionally mistaken for those of his father), Achille Oudinot, Hippolyte Camille Delpy, Albert Charpin and Pierre Emmanuel Damoye. The two painters who introduced the Barbizon School in Portugal, in 1879, António da Silva Porto and João Marques de Oliveira, were also his disciples.[5]

Paintings

Charles-François Daubigny, Spring (1862)

The most striking paintings by Daubigny were those produced between 1864 and 1874, which depict mostly forest landscapes and lakes. Disappointed because he felt that he did not meet with the same level of success and admiration as his contemporaries, by the end of his career he was nonetheless an extremely sought-after and appreciated artist. The motifs of his paintings, sometimes tending towards repetitiveness and often playing on the horizontality of the landscape underlined by a backlight effect, would be taken up and accentuated by Hippolyte Camille Delpy, his most influenced student.

His most ambitious canvases include Springtime (1857), in the Louvre; Borde de la Cure, Morvan (1864); Villerville sur Mer (1864); Moonlight (1865); Auvers-sur-Oise (1868); and Return of the Flock (1878). He was named by the French government as an Officer of the Legion of Honor.[6]

In popular culture

The life of Daubigny was adapted into a graphic novel by Belgian comics writer Bruno de Roover and artist Luc Cromheecke. It appeared under the title De Tuin van Daubigny (The Garden of Daubigny, 2016).[7][8][9]

Public collections

Among the public collections holding works by Charles-François Daubigny are:

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Gallery

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ José-Augusto França, A Arte em Portugal no Século XIX, Lisbon, Bertrand Editora, 3rd edition, 1990, volume 2 (Portuguese)
  6. ↑ The Iconographic Encyclopaedia of the Arts and Scien: Sculpture and painting, 1887, page 138
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ The Art Institute of Chicago
  11. ↑ Cincinnati Art Museum
  12. ↑ The Frick Collection
  13. ↑ The Hermitage
  14. ↑ Mesdag Collection
  15. ↑ The Israel Museum
  16. ↑ Kunstmuseum Den Haag
  17. ↑ Metropolitan Museum of Art
  18. ↑ Nathalie Bondil, The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. 150th anniversary guide, Montréal, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, 2013, p. 168
  19. ↑ Musée du Louvre
  20. ↑ Musée d'Orsay
  21. ↑ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
  22. ↑ National Gallery of Canada
  23. ↑ National Galleries of Scotland
  24. ↑ National Gallery, London
  25. ↑ National Gallery of Art
  26. ↑ Neue Pinakothek
  27. ↑ Rijksmuseum
  28. ↑ Smithsonian American Art Museum

References

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (see index)

External links

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